建構校園水域安全教育課程概念內涵之研究

Constructing Concepts and Connotations for Campus Water Safety Education Courses

黃仲凌(Chung-Ling Huang)

《臺灣體育運動管理學報》 15卷2期 (2015/12) Pp. 87-110

https://doi.org/10.6547/tassm.2015.0005

摘要

學生溺水事件之降低在教育部游泳及水域運動推展上被視為推動成效的主要目標之一，如何有效降低溺水事件發生，從97年起教育部所提出實施水域安全具體策略至今，已見到溺水死亡人數逐年降低的成果。雖然如此，每年仍舊還有至少二十位以上的學生因從事水域活動而溺斃；因此，防範學生溺水事件發生的策略研擬仍然受到教育部的重視。教育學生水域安全知能的課程被視為是有效抑制學生發生溺水事件的主要途徑之一，校園水域安全教育相關課程及宣導是一個相當關鍵且直接有效的知識、能力及行為改變策略之一，並與降低溺水事件的發生呈現出相當高的關連性。本研究嘗試對校園水域運動推動者進行訪談，深入的探討水域安全推動之人力對於水域安全教育概念內涵上之見解，以期歸納出更具體有效的水域安全教育的概念內涵。研究設計先以文獻回顧水域安全教育之發展，歸納文獻探討之結果做為半結構式訪談大綱發展之參考。本研究採用內容分析法做為研究方法，探索水域運動推動之人力對於水域安全教育之概念內涵之看法。研究結果經由原始資料之編碼後，建構水域安全教育課程之概念包括：「游泳能力」、「自救能力」、「安全知識、防溺知識」、「救溺能力」、「救溺知識」、「危險水域判斷能力」及「環境安全判斷能力」、「個人危機意識」、「溺水案例」、「警戒能力」、「守法精神」、「急救能力」等類目。本研究以質性研究及研究對象立場的觀點對水域安全教育之概念內涵進行更深入的瞭解，並透過實證研究的結果，歸納校園水域推動人力資源對水域安全教育知能之認知結構，研究結果具有原創性與實務應用之價值。

關鍵字

海洋教育 ； 水域安全教育 ； 內容分析法 ； 概念

並列摘要

Reducing student drowning deaths is considered the main objective by the Ministry of Education of promoting swimming and water sports. To effectively reduce drownings, the Ministry of Education proposed the implementation of specific water safety strategies. Since 2008, the amount of student drowning deaths has decreased yearly. Nevertheless, each year, at least twenty students have drowned while participating in water activities; therefore, the Ministry of Education considerably emphasizes student drowning prevention strategies. One of the main strategies of effectively preventing student drowning is to provide courses that educate students on water safety and swimming ability. Related courses and promotions of water safety education on campuses are a critical, direct, and effective strategy to improve students’ knowledge, ability, and behavior to prevent drowning. They were highly correlated with a reduction in drowning incidents. To generalize and conceptualize the specific connotations of water safety education, the researchers of this study attempted to interview water sport promoters on campuses and discuss their opinions of the concepts of water safety education. This study was designed by reviewing and summarizing reference documents of water safety education to develop a semi-structured interview outline. Content analysis was conducted to explore the concepts and connotations of water safety education from the perspective of water sport promoters. By encoding the raw data, this study constructed the following water safety educational concept categories: ＂swimming ability,＂ ＂self-rescue capabilities,＂ ＂safety knowledge and drowning prevention knowledge,＂ ＂ability to rescue a drowning victim,＂ ＂drowning victim rescue knowledge,＂ ＂ability to assess the danger levels of water environments,＂ ＂ability to assess the safety levels of an environment,＂ ＂personal sense of crisis,＂ ＂cases of drowning,＂ ＂warning capability,＂ ＂law-abiding spirit,＂ and ＂emergency situation ability.＂ By applying both qualitative research and the views of the subjects, this study provided a clearer understanding of water safety educational concepts and connotations. Therefore, through the provided empirical evidence, this research summarized water sport promoters’ knowledge and ability of delivering campus water safety education; the results have value of originality and for practical applications.

並列關鍵字

marine education ； water safety education ； content analysis ； concept

參考文獻

劉兆達、許玫秀(2015)。推動校園水域運動安全教育之策略。台灣體育學術研究。58，136-146。

許旻棋、許富淑(2007)。推動學生游泳能力對水域活動安全影響之研析。大專體育。89，112-118。

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