排球彈跳能力特徵及其訓練原則探析

The Exploration on Characteristics of Jumping Ability and Training Principles of Volleyball

周德倫(Te-Lung Chou)

《運動教練科學》 9期 (2007/12) Pp. 113-123

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.2007.09.12

摘要

就目前排球運動發展特徵而言，高度是一重要因素，但是身高並不是影響比賽勝負之唯一因素，另一與高度更有關係的是彈跳能力(Jumping ability)，彈跳是排球運動的生命，跳躍能力之好壞左右扣球、攔網和高點跳躍傳球成功與否。而在身高與彈跳能力2因素中，身高是無法改變的，而彈跳能力則可藉由訓練達到增長的作用，所以，提昇排球選手跳躍能力是訓練的重點之一。排球彈跳機轉有肌纖維類型、肌收縮力量與收縮速度、作用肌群的協同用力及跳躍的關節角度等4 種，此一機制缺一不可；排球彈跳特徵有2種，分別爲垂直起跳(Vertical jump)及助跑起跳(Approach step jump)，並依其技術需求不同而有不同運用方式；另外，力量是體能的根本，高強度爆發性之跳躍，必須以力量做爲基礎，進而培養出專項爆發力及力量耐力，速度與亦是重要彈跳要素，排球比賽因場地小使選手之移動距離短，且移動速度並非最大，較強調動作速度的質量，它有利於肌肉收縮和協調能力的提高，更有利於隨時準備躍起。彈跳訓練是現代排球運動訓練之首要課題，因此，擬訂科學化彈跳訓練處方，遵循訓練原則，方可有效提昇排球選手彈跳能力。

關鍵字

彈跳能力特徵 ； 訓練原則

並列摘要

For the features of volleyball revolution, height is an important factor. But tall is not the only crucial factor in competitions. Another factor that more related with height is jumping ability. Jumping is the spirit of volleyball. The jumping ability can determine whether the spike, block and jump set can succeed. In the two factor of height, tall is not changeable, however, the jumping ability can be improved by training. To promote the jumping ability of volleyball players is one of the training points. The four volleyball jumping mechanism are muscle fiber types、muscle contraction force and muscle contraction velocity, agonistic muscle groups coordination force and arthr-angular on jump, they are all necessary mechanisms. There are two volleyball jumping features, they are vertical jump and approach step jump. According to the different requirements of techniques, they apply different way in use. Besides, power is the base of form. The high intensity explosive jump have to based on power, and then bring up specialized explosive and power endurance. Speed is also an important factor of jumping. Since the court is small so the move distance of players are short in volleyball competition, and the moving speed is not the maximum. The moving emphasizes the quality of action speed more. It helps the elevation of muscle contraction and coordination ability, moreover, it can benefit jump every time. Jumping training is primary of modern volleyball training. Draft scientific jumping training methods, and follow the training principles, so that we can promote the jumping ability of volleyball players efficiently.

並列關鍵字

characteristics of jumping ability ； training principles

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