朱得之《老子通義》之詮解特色

Zhu Dezhi and <Lao Tzu Tong Yi>

楊雅婷(Ya-Ting Yang)

《人文社會科學研究》 5卷1期 (2011/03) Pp. 125-150

https://doi.org/10.6284/NPUSTHSSR.2011.5(1)6

摘要

《老子》一書具有言簡意賅及「正言若反」的特質，各時代皆有人以不同學術背景及觀點注解《老子》，在不同的《老子》著述中有承繼也有開展，因而形成一個體系龐大的老子學史。中國思想史在探討明代學術，最廣泛被討論的是心學，事實上根據李慶統計，明代註解《老子》之著作約有106種，約70種左右現存，可謂是註解《老子》的興盛時期。而韋東超的研究也指出，明人注解《老子》著作多集中在明武宗正德以後，這時間正與陽明心學發展的時間吻合，雖不能證明注解《老子》與陽明心學有密切的關係，但二者擁有相同之時代背景是毫無疑問的，因而筆者關注到朱得之《老子通義》，朱得之為王陽明之及門弟子，屬南中王門學派著名學者，其注解《老子》或多或少受到陽明的影響，因而多以儒家心學術語詮釋，從章節形式而言，分為六十四章；就思想義蘊來說，分為三點特色：一、肯定老子可以經世，二、孔老思想不相悖，三、援引心學入《老子》，如能深入探討，可對明代學術思想及老子學發展皆有所助益。

關鍵字

朱得之 ； 老子通義 ； 老子學 ； 明代

並列摘要

Since the book ＜Lao Tzu Tong Yi＞ was written concisely, there were many people trying to translate and commentLao Tzu base on their different knowledge background and point of views during the past dynasties. A huge Lao Tzu theory is established by those extensions the old meanings and by the coming out of new ideas. In general, the most popular analysis of literature in Ming Dynasty was Xin Discipline (心學). According to Li Qing's analysis, there were about 106 books explaining Lao Tzu in Ming Dynasty and 70 of them still can be found now, it was a great time of Lao Tzu theory. According to Wei Dong Chao's ＜Lao Tzu Research in Ming Dynasty明代老學研究＞, most of Ming's scholars explained Lao Tzu after the Empire ZhengDe, which matched the growth of Yang Ming Xin Discipline, although it can not prove the close relevance of Yang Ming Xin Discipline and Lao Tzu, but it is no doubt that their background are the same. The author focus on ＜Lao Tzu Tong Yi老子通義＞ of Zhu Dezhi, who was a student of Wang Yang Ming, and belonged to Nanchung Wang's School. Wang's thought effected Zhu Dezhi's explaination of Lao Tzu on using terminologies of Xin Discipline. The main characteristics are: 1. Dividing the Lao Tzu to 64 chapters base on the Kong Ying Da's idea 2. There is no conflict between Lao Tzu and Confucianism 3. By using the terminologies of Xin Discipline such as ”LIANGZHI良知” and ”LIANGNENG良能” to deeply describe the Lao Tzu, it will benefit the research of literature and Lao Tzu a lot in Ming Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Zhu Dezhi ； Lao Tzu Tong Yi ； Study of Lao Tzu ； The Ming Dynasty

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