遊走於「文化」與「自我」之間：客籍新移民女性自我形塑之探討

本研究旨在探討客籍新移民女性自我形塑的過程，訪談八位新移民女性，其中四位來自中國梅州，另外四位為印尼華裔，毎位研究對象均接受二次以上的深度訪談，以暸解後堆客籍新移民女性在客家文化場域中，跨越族群的疆界，身為異國客家人與台灣客家人的生活間，其文化差異的心理感知歷程，並從文化觀點檢視新移民女性角色、族群、與國籍所衝擊之心理移動。客籍新移民女性同時具備三重身分，在「性別」、「族群」與「國籍」三者之間動態的角色認同，在移動間成為「形塑自我」的架構。研究發現，八位受訪者在「性別」中，對身為母親的角色認同佔有最大的比例；在「族群」方面，原鄉客家女性比印尼客籍女性更強調客家人的身分；最後在「國籍」部分，八位受訪者嫁到台灣之初，均感受到他人對自己不友善態度，「外籍配偶」身分明顯存在，然而歷經長期適應，目前僅有一位印尼籍新移民女性仍強烈感受自己是「外籍配偶」。

關鍵字

自我形塑；客籍新移民女性；增能賦權

並列摘要

The aim of this study was to investigate the process of self-shape models for Hakka immigrant females. Eight Hakka immigrant females were invited to participate in the present study. Four of them were from Meizhou of China, and the others were overseas Chinese from Indonesia. An in-depth interview was conducted to understand how the Hakka's immigrant females in the Neipu area felt about the mental differences between foreigners and Hakkas in Taiwan. The mental movement consisted of three essential dimensions for analyzing the viewpoint of Hakka culture: roles identification, the tribes and the conflicts as a new immigrant female. Through the process of empowerment course, it was hoped to establish the foundation of self-esteem and job competitiveness for the immigrant Hakka females. Hakka's immigrant females had triple characteristics of role identification namely ”gender”, ”tribe” and ”nationality.” These triple characteristics became the framework of empowerment for the immigrant Hakka females. Results indicated that the gender was played the most important proportions for their role identification, especially for the maternal role. Regarding to the tribes, Hakka females from China put more emphasis on race than Hakka females overseas Chinese from Indonesia. In the end, regarding to the nationality, all of the eight Hakka's immigrant females felt others' standoffishness to them when they just came to Taiwan. After a long-term adaptation, only one Hakka's immigrant female overseas Chinese from Indonesia still felt her as a ”foreign spouse.”