佛典「野干兩舌」在中國民間故事的流傳

"The Fox Foments Dissension" Story from Buddhist Scripturesto China Folktale Influence

梁麗玲(Li-Ling Liang)

《民間文學年刊》 2期增刊 (2009/02) Pp. 269-287

https://doi.org/10.29455/MJWSNK.200902.0015

摘要

佛典中以「野干兩舌」為主題的故事，主要情節為野干為了自己的利益，以離間話語挑撥二獸的友誼，然因所挑撥對象的不同，在情節發展上遂衍變成兩種型態：其一是獅虎不受野干離間，彼此對質，揭穿詭計；其二為獅牛輕信野干挑撥，相互爭吵，互殘喪命。這兩種故事型態各自成一體系，隨著佛典翻譯和傳佈，這些故事也逐漸世俗化，在中國各地的民間故事產生不同的變化。本文透過南傳巴利文《本生經》、漢譯《十誦律》、《四分律》、《五分律》、《毘奈耶》等律藏，印度的《五卷書》、《故事海》，以及中國雲南、西藏、蒙古等各地的民間故事，探討佛典「野干兩舌」故事的起源與流傳，以及在中國民間故事的發展情況。

關鍵字

佛經故事 ； 野干兩舌 ； 民間故事 ； 動物故事

並列摘要

The story type of ”The fox foments dissension” in the Buddhist scriptures, the main plot is the fox for own benefit, estranged the words to instigate two beast's friendships. Because however instigates the object the difference, then evolves in the plot development two kind of states: first is the lion and the tiger were not estranged dry, each other confrontation, then reveals the fox's trick; second are the lion and the cow readily believed that fox's instigates, the mutual quarrel and then lost their life. These two kind of story state becomes a system respectively, translates along with the Buddhist scriptures and disseminates, these stories also gradually secularization, has the different change in the Chinese regional folk tales.This paper is for the purpose of south the penetration passing on 巴利”Jataka ”, ”the Four-division Vinaya”（《四分律》）,”the Five-division Vinaya”（《五分律》）, ”the Muulasavraastivaada Vinaya”（《毘奈耶》）, Indias ”Pabcatanlra” and ”Katha-sarit-sagara”. Places such as Chinese Yunnan, Tibet, Mongolia folk tale, the discussion Buddhist scriptures ”The fox foments dissension” story dissemination and the development, as well as to China folk tale influence.

並列關鍵字

The Buddhist scriptures ； "The fox foments dissension" ； Folktale ； Animal story