原住民族DNA檢體採樣保障之法制問題研析

原住民族因具有特定之遺傳多樣性，對基因科技研究具有重大作用與特別貢獻。卻也因成為被研究對象，承擔內外部風險，基本權利受損，對原本就處於弱勢的原住民族而言，實已不容再加以忽視。基因科技研究不同於一般侵入人體之試驗研究，在於尚涉及資訊自主權及資訊隱私權，除須符合機構內人體試驗委員會（IRB）及機構外醫事審議委員會之審查制度與告知後同意等受試者保護原則，更須完整與針對性高的法律規範來加以落實。然而，相關規範與研究倫理卻未關注原住民族的文化傳統特質，更無視於原住民族的族群集體面向，故應思考更全面實際的程序保障與法制架構。故本文試圖探討原住民族DNA檢體採樣之程序，研析相關法制問題，並提出修法建議，以求未來對原住民族進行基因科技研究檢體採樣時能保障其有關權益。

關鍵字

原住民族；去氧核醣核酸採樣；基因科技研究；程序保障

並列摘要

Indigenous Peoples have made tremendous contributions to the science development on genetic research. There had been contradicting theories and knowledge between the researchers and the indigenous peoples in the past. When Researchers examine the human being by genes, the macro perspectives on tribes, culture and ecological environment are ignored. Meanwhile, when the researchers focus on the pursuit of the medical progress, the procedure justice during the researches is disregarded. The ethical issue is more imperative than the technological issue of research on the gene technology. The application of gene technology up to now remains much ethical issues on the stage of imagination, but there are many ethical problems toward the gene research itself that have to be solved. Base on related debate, this article submits some legislative suggestions in the purpose of protection of the decision-making rights and the privacy of the indigenous peoples on gene information at the time their DNA samples are collected.