論李贄的自得之學

Discussion on Li Zhi’s Self-Acquired Knowledge

葉守桓(Shou-Huan Ye)

《國立臺中科技大學通識教育學報》 5期 (2016/12) Pp. 1-34

https://doi.org/10.7052/JGE.201612_(5).0001

摘要

本文乃論明代思想家李贄(1527-1602)的「自得之學」。所謂「自得之學」，指的是以得於本心、自心為基礎，而非得於人的「為學契入」模式。此「自得之學」，不僅為傳統儒學的「為己之學」，更是中國思想重視「主體性」與「性命之學」體證的發展，也是宋明以來心學「得理於心」、「反觀於己」等價值論與方法論之拓展與應用。李贄承此「自得之學」義，並從心性自足、自信自立、人品氣骨等層面予以架構；除此，他亦本此「自得之學」，論及了與閱讀學習等關係的辯證，並廣泛體現於對思想宗教的詮釋、文學創作與人物評論。故從此視角切入，實可見其思想宗旨與為學契入等面相，闡明其側重個體性原則之一面，也排除外在權威等獨立思想的體現；然而相對的，則亦凸顯了狂者人格與可能為學獨斷的缺陷。

關鍵字

李贄 ； 自得之學 ； 童心說 ； 自信 ； 氣骨

並列摘要

This article discusses the thinker of Ming Dynasty Li Zhi’s (1527-1602) ＂Self-Acquired Knowledge＂. The said ＂Self-Acquired Knowledge＂ refers to the way acquiring knowledge in one’s heart. The heart is the origin and the foundation, rather than the pattern of ＂deep learning＂ received from others. The ＂Self-Acquired Knowledge＂ is not only the development of traditional Confucianism ＂to study for performance of truth＂, but also the development of awareness understanding and meditation of ＂subjectivity＂ and ＂learning about nature＂ that Chinese thought has focused. It has been the expansion and application of value theory and methodology to the philosophy of mind since Song and Ming Dynasties in the thought of ＂hold to the truth in your heart＂ and ＂reflect myself back to me＂. Li Zhi inherited the interpretation of ＂Self-Acquired Knowledge＂, and gave it the framework and the structure in terms of self-sufficiency of heart nature, self-confidence and self-reliance, character, strength and vigor and other aspects; in addition, he also used the ＂Self-Acquired Knowledge＂ to refer to the justification on relationship between reading and learning, and widely embodied its interpretation of ideological, religious and literary criticism. It is seen from the perspective of the purpose of thinking and the phase of deep learning, and further clarifies its focus on the principle of individuality, and then excludes the external authority and other independent ideas embodiment; nevertheless it relatively highlights the megalomaniac personality and defects of study in arbitrary manners.

並列關鍵字

Li Zhi ； Self-Acquired Knowledge ； Childlike Innocence ； Self-Confidence ； Strength and Vigor

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