明史論明文：明、清公私史乘敘論明代詩文、八股及文學復古歧議研究

A Primary Survey to the Opposite Commentaries on Eight-paragraph and Literary Fundamentalism in Ming Biographical Historical Texts published in Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties.

鄧國光(Kwok-Kwong Tang)

《東華中文學報》 3期 (2009/12) Pp. 1-40

https://doi.org/10.7000/NJCLL.200912.0001

摘要

本文闡釋私家修撰的紀傳體明代國史在理解官史論定的意義，顯示《明史》外的大批史部紀傳體文獻，是探索明代文學的重要學術資源，有助說明或解決明代文學研究中的重大問題。上編就文風與文體兩大向度，具體剖析明代統治意志對文學發展的制約。在「簡古」的文風規限，溯源帝主用心；備陳諸史對八股文體及八股取士之影響於明代文學的論述。下編剖析「文必秦、漢，詩必盛唐」這論定；網羅眾史，考鏡論定的源流；分析語境，辨別取態；確定這是萬斯同爭論明文正統的意氣表述，不可視為學術上的定論；顯示明末清初士流意氣之爭注入歷史判斷的語言暴力。透過對比的大批對相同物件的史傳敘述與論定的差異，反映官修《明史》論定的偏頗不足取。正史提供的判斷，不能取代徵實的探索。宏觀一代文學，絕非申述成說之所能為。敘述綱目：敘引：私人撰述的紀傳體明史的學術資源上編：支配明代詩文發展的關鍵因素：帝力與八股一、欽令「誠意」二、御旨「韓、柳」三、欽定「簡古」四、御尊「歐陽」五、御用八股下編：貶降李夢陽論的史源剖析和語境解讀：辨「文必秦、漢，詩必盛唐」一、解讀錢謙益《列朝詩集小傳》和朱彞尊《靜志居詩話》二、明代史乘的敘述三、清初遺民史乘的敘述四、仕清人物的明史敘述五、萬斯同《明史》系統的論定結論徵引書目

關鍵字

明文 ； 明史 ； 論定 ； 規範 ； 意氣

並列摘要

A large number of Ming History of biographic texts beside of Qing official ”Ming Shi” provides enormous academic resources for literary studies of Ming Dynasty. These documents revealed and criticized some hidden motivations of letter style control by the emperors in order to test the government officers loyalty so undermining seriously the foundation of literature. The authors of these text s also accused the Eight-paragraphs' vast destruction by the emperor of Ming literature that the official ”Ming Shi” dared not mentioned. The famous slogan 'prose should be that of Qin and Han, poem should be that of Prosperous Tang' in ”Ming Shi”, indeed is an emotional dispute expression with irony meaning for push down the orthodox status of Fundamentalism. The paper examined that Wan Sitong was the creator of the slogan.

並列關鍵字

Ming Literature ； Ming History ； Criticism ； Norm ； Personal Feelings