應用國立故宮數位博物館課程訓練美感經驗於國小低年級課程的教學行動研究

The Study of Juniors of Primary School on acquiring Aesthetics Experiences in the Curriculum of National Palace Digital Museum Education

許世芳(Shih-Fang Hsu) ； 鄭永熏(Yung-Hsun Cheng) ； 林詠珊(Yung-Shan Lin)

《創造學刊》 6卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 53-82

摘要

數位科技和網際網路的蓬勃發展，為教育帶來多元學習的管道，尤其是數位媒體的聲光效果更為當代的藝術教育帶來無窮的可行性。科技是理性的；美學是感性的，把兩者融合在一起的教學是否會為低年級兒童開啟美感經驗的旅途。配合課程設計的理論，開發出一套適合運用數位教材引發美感經驗的教學模組，依照此教學模組設計教學課程。在這套課程實施十週之後，把學生之美感經驗獲得情形進行分析討論。結論：1.博物館的多元文化數位學習，在教師適切的引導之下，學生能展現出積極主動學習的情況，符合美感經驗的特色；2.融合數位博物館和美感經驗特質的教學模組是值得推廣運用的；3.學生在群體的遊戲當中，可以發現美是存在日常生活當中；4.在教學中展現的美感特質，足以讓師生雙方改變觀看世界與自己的方式，學生的自信心大幅提高；5.美感經驗的課程可以促進兒童的合作學習；6.融入美感經驗的數位博物館課程中讓參與研究者得到專業的成長和自我的實現。

關鍵字

數位博物館課程 ； 美感經驗 ； 課程模組 ； 行動研究

並列摘要

Creative thinking is defined as the ability that forming associative elements into a new use for specific purpose. Based on the idea, Remote Associates Test (RAT) measures creativity by the task of finding a target word (e.g. match) that associates to three stimuli words (e.g. same, head, tennis). In Taiwan, RAT was developed into Chinese Remote Associates Test (CRAT) for Chinese users. It seems simple to design one, whereas the attributions of Chinese characters are complicated. Previous researches designed CRAT by controlling only one or two confounding variables, therefore, the relation of item components and item difficulty remains blur. To address this issue, present study aims to develop 30 items of CRAT by four item components, the pronunciation of target Chinese character, the direction of linking stimuli characters to target, the using frequency of target and stimuli combination, and the amounts of valid compounds (two characters phrases). 194 undergraduates were invited to be our participants. We used Linear Logistic Latent Trait Model to analyze the effect of item components on item difficulty. Results show that item difficulty increased in the conditions when target characters were homophones, when direction of associating was reverse, and when there were plenty characters associated to target character. The unprecedented fast development of digital science and internet technology has made multi-facets learning possible. In particular, the special audio/video effect of digital broadcasting has opened up infinite possibility for modern art education. As Ministry of Education is working hard to encourage teachers to use most up-to-date news and knowledge to develop their own education curriculum, teachers should be able to take advantage of the curriculum of digital museum. Science is based on theory and Aesthetics is based on sensing/feeling. The focus of the current study is to investigate: If we include both science and Aesthetics in our education curriculum, will it open up a new path toward Aesthetics Experience for lower grade elementary school student. Following the curriculum design theory, we develop a series of curricular modular incorporating digital technology and geared towards inducing Aesthetics Experience. These curricular modular were used in our teaching study. After ten (10) weeks of teaching with the above designed curricular modular, we proceed to analyze and study the outcome of the results with respect to how student feels about their accomplishment in Aesthetics Experience. Followings are the conclusions arising out of the study: 1. Under teacher's proper guidance and with museum's multi-facets digital learning format, students are more active and self-motivated in their study. This fits well with Aesthetics Experience. 2. We should promote the use of curricular modular that incorporate both digital museum and Aesthetics Experience. 3. In a group playing activity, students are able to recognize that Aesthetics does exist in our daily life. 4. The special characteristics of Aesthetics Experience shown during the teaching can enable teacher and student to view the world and self differently, thus significantly improve student's self confidence. 5. Curriculum of Aesthetics Experience can lead to students' cooperation in their study. 6. Through incorporating Aesthetics Experience into curriculum of digital museum, researcher is able to excel in her own field of study and has a sense of self-accomplishment.

並列關鍵字

curriculum of digital museum ； aesthetics experiences ； curricular modular ； action research