宗教人物傳記的寫作策略：《高僧傳》的神聖修辭學

The Strategy of Religious Biographical Writing: The Holy Rhetoric of Biographies of Eminent Monks

黄自鴻(WONG Chi Hung)

《人文中國學報》 24期 (2017/06) Pp. 1-19

摘要

奠定佛教人物傳記傳統和分類的《高僧傳》受到傳記學者重視，認爲是中國傳記的一個高峰，從“傳叙文學”的角度來看，該部傳記“富於人性的描寫”。然而，與一般强調事實的傳記比較，《高僧傳》最引人注目的當屬衆多高僧的神異本領。在目前的研究基礎上延伸，本文從傳記文學的角度重新審視《高僧傳》的特色，包括撰作動機、神異情節、編選角度、傳主個性、襯托人物、空間和背景等。通過“神”與“人”、“聖”與“俗”的雙重“神聖修辭學”，慧皎筆下的高僧擁有打動讀者的神聖特質，藉此宣揚佛法。

關鍵字

傳記 ； 宗教人物 ； 《高僧傳》 ； 神聖 ； 世俗

並列摘要

In the view of ＂biographical literature,＂ Biographies of Eminent Monks is ＂full of humanity description＂ and is considered as a climax of Chinese biography; for the non-Buddhists, however, the most striking characteristic of Eminent Monks should be the miraculous ability of the biographees. To extend the current studies, this paper attempts to re-evaluate the features of Eminent Monks by investigating Hui Jiao's writing motivation, the mystic plots, the criteria of selection, the personality of biographees, the secondary characters, space and background, etc. This research suggests that Eminent Monks uses a dual ＂holy rhetoric＂- superhuman / human and holy / mundane - to impress the readers and propagate Buddhism.

並列關鍵字

biography ； religious figures ； Biographies of Eminent Monks ； holy ； mundane