由鐮孢菌Fusarium引起之馬拉巴栗基腐病之病原鑑定及防治藥劑篩選評估

Identification of Fusarium spp. Caused to the Malabar Chestnut Basal Rot and Evaluation on the Selected Fungicide

郭建志(Chien-Chih Kuo) ； 廖君達(Chung-Ta Liao)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 119期 (2013/06) Pp. 15-27

摘要

彰化縣溪州鄉馬拉巴栗（Pachira macrocarpa）植株基部於2010年11月間出現腐敗病徵，在本田期或是採收後兩週內即明顯罹病。罹病植株莖基部出現褐化、縊縮、表皮脫落及內部組織崩解腐爛等病徵，嚴重時會導致植株死亡。自2010年11月中旬至2011年5月下旬，陸續採集罹病苗木，以組織分離方式得到鐮孢菌屬（Fusarium spp.）及其他可疑真菌。將鐮孢菌屬菌株經接種後完成柯霍式法則，並依其形態特徵與核酸ITS及真核轉錄延長因子eEF-1α序列鑑定，確定病原菌為Fusarium solani。為利用藥劑來防治此病害，分別測試12種不同殺菌劑對馬拉巴栗基腐病分離株TCF-1菌絲生長的抑制情形，結果以50％撲克拉錳可濕性粉劑2,000倍及25.9％得克利水基乳劑2,000倍對於TCF-1菌絲之抑制效果最佳。後續於溪州鄉設置兩塊試驗田，進行土壤灌藥與土壤灌藥搭配採收後根部浸藥等方式來評估對基腐病的防治效果，以50％撲克拉錳可濕性粉劑2,000倍搭配66.5％普拔克溶液600倍，或24.9％待克利乳劑1,500倍搭配50％達滅芬可濕性粉劑3,000倍混合處理，可降低罹病率到10～20％，而對照組罹病率達30～60％。此外，將5編苗莖基部傷口以50％撲克拉錳可濕性粉劑2,000倍混合66.5％普拔克溶液600倍浸藥處理後，調查植株於本田罹病情形。經過藥劑處理的5編苗株罹病率僅4.7％，對照組為13.7％。試驗結果顯示馬拉巴栗5編苗株及採收前灌注土壤搭配採收後傷口浸泡藥劑處理，可以有效降低田間馬拉巴栗基腐病的發生。

關鍵字

馬拉巴栗 ； 鐮孢菌 ； 基腐病

並列摘要

The basal rot symptoms of Malabar chestnut, Pachiramacrocarpa, had been discovered in Sijhou Township, Changhua County on November, 2010. The basal rot symptoms are developed during growth season in fields or transportation post-harvest. The symptomless infested plants may further develop basal rot symptoms or plant death to cause huge economic loss. In this study, three Fusarium spp. strains, TCF-1, TCF-2, and TCF-3, were isolated. These strains had been demonstrated as Malabar chestnut basal rot pathogens by Koch's postulate. In addition, these strains were further identified as Fusarium solani by their morphological characters and sequence blasted of ITS and eEF1-α DNA fragments. In order to control this disease of Malabar chestnut with fungicides, twelve fungicides were also evaluated in this study. Results showed the mycelium growth of TCF-1 was completely inhibited by 50% of Prochloraz-manganese WP 2000x dilution. Disease incidences and severities of basal rot were greater reduced by 58% Mancozeb+metalaxyl WP 400x and mixture of 50% Prochloraz-manganese WP 2000x and 66.5% Propamocarb hydrochloride SL 600x than that by 50% Prochloraz-manganese 2000x only in two field trails. Moreover, this disease was reduced more significantly by these fungicides through combination of soil treatment and root immersion. Another field trial also showed disease incidence of Malabar chestnut basal rot was significantly reduced by applying mixture of 50% Prochloraz-manganese WP 2000x and 66.5% Propamocarb hydrochloride SL 600x on root before replanting in the field. Therefore, we concluded that application of mixture of 50% Prochloraz-manganese WP 2000x and 66.5% Propamocarb hydrochloride SL 600x on root of Malabar chestnut and soil was a good strategy to control basal rot disease.

並列關鍵字

Pachira macrocarpa ； Fusarium ； basal rot