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臺灣緝獲搖頭丸中MDMA含量分析之研究

The composition of MDMA tablets seized in Taiwan

摘要


搖頭丸之主成分大多為MDMA,為瞭解俱樂部濫用藥(Club Drugs)中搖頭丸所包含成分為何,及其中MDMA含量之多寡,本研究收集了從2002年至2004年在台灣緝獲含MDMA(3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)成分之搖頭丸錠劑,共136顆,分別以氣相層析質譜儀(Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry,GC/MS)以選擇特定離子碎片偵測方式(Selected Ion Monitoring,SIM),定量分析MDMA的含量,以及使用全質譜掃描(Full scan)方式鑑驗是否含有其他毒品或藥品成分。結果發現,依錠劑顏色及錠面上圖樣的不同,就可分為79種,可說是琳瑯滿目,其目的可能是要以多樣化及吸引人的標誌、圖案或顏色,驅使濫用者因好奇而服用,所產生的結果不僅增加濫用者的成癮性,更會造成身體的危害性。根據實驗顯示,每錠搖頭丸中MDMA的含量大多在100毫克至150毫克之間,但亦有例外的現象,其中有含量高達193毫克,但亦有含量少至36毫克,相差有157毫克,有五倍之多,若濫用者服用低劑量MDMA之搖頭丸可能因毫無藥理作用,惟若增量服用其他搖頭丸,亦有可能因劑量不易掌握而中毒死亡。另經分析結果發現,含單一MDMA成分之搖頭丸為最大宗,有88顆,佔64%,另有48顆錠劑發現 除MDMA成分外,另含有Methamphetamine、Amphetamine、MDEA(3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine)、MDA(3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)、Ephedrine、Diazepam、Caffeine、Nicotinamide、Chlorzoxazone不等之多重成分,其中不乏有單一顆錠劑中混雜2種以上之成分,有些甚至有5種之多,而其中以MDMA混雜Caffeine居多,有24顆,其次為MDMA混雜MDEA有7顆,MDMA混雜Methamphetamine的有6顆,MDMA混雜Amphetamine的有4顆,而MDMA混雜Amphetamine及Caffeine的有2顆。由此可見,吸毒者根本不能預測所服下搖頭丸中MDMA的含量,更無法得知所服下之搖頭丸所含之成分為何,對自身的健康無疑產生莫大的傷害。

關鍵字

搖頭丸 MDMA GC/MS Methamphetamine Amphetamine MDEA MDA

並列摘要


To better understand the compositions and potential health hazard of alleged MDMA tablets (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) circulated in the drug abuse scene in Taiwan, we have studied 136 samples seized during the January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2004 period. Base on their color and morphological appearance, these tablets were classified into 79 groups. Full-scan and selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometric methods were then used to determine the compositions and the quantity of MDMA in these tablets. 48 tablets were found to contain up to five other active components, such as methamphetamine, amphetamine, MDEA (3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine), ephedrine, diazepam, caffeine, nicotinamide, and clorzoxazone. The quantity of MDMA in each tablet ranges from 36 to 157 mg - nearly a five-fold difference. The presence of unexpected compounds and unexpected potency are additional health hazard to the users.

並列關鍵字

MDMA methamphetamine amphetamine MDEA MDA

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