臺灣近代醫學凝視下的〈臨床講義〉

臺灣醫學的近代性基礎，奠基於後藤新平、山口秀高等醫政官僚，引進日本內地的近代醫學和開設醫學教育等新事物上。然而，日本的近代醫學，源於明治維新時代力抗西方列強的侵略威脅，本身奮發學習歐洲近代科學的產物，具有反殖民的意味。對於臺灣社會的殖民地而言，卻是殖民服務的工具性象徵。另一方面，又是促使臺灣跨入世界近代文明的助力。在臺灣總督府的殖民性考量預設下，臺灣近代醫學的凝視，本身具有監督檢查的權力表徵。然而，19世紀末和20世紀初的世界詭變局勢與歐戰影響，國家主義、新帝國主義、自由民主主義、民族主義等各意識型態，產生主流話語權的爭奪。趁著民族自決的風潮，蔣渭水個人的特質與遭遇，使得〈臨床講義〉文本符號，發生變異的契機。從而，近代醫學的凝視與〈臨床講義〉文本一些符號兩者之間，展開了互動與協商。

關鍵字

近代醫學；臨床講義；殖民性；凝視；協商

並列摘要

The foundation for the modernization of medical science in Taiwan was laid by such medical officials as Goto Shinpei and Yamaguchi Hidetaka, who introduced modern medicine from Japan and promoted medical education. Japan’s modern medical science was spurred by the Meiji Restoration following the invasion of the Western powers; thus, it constituted a product of the studies on modern European science and in some sense an anti-colonial policy. For Taiwan, one of Japan’s colonies at that time, modern medical science, for one thing, was a tool at the service of colonialism and, for another, brought Taiwan onto the global stage of modern civilizations. Under the colonial considerations of Taiwan Governor-General's Office, Taiwan’s modern medical gaze (perspective) symbolized the power of the colonial government to supervise the colonized. In the late 19^(th) and early 20^(th) centuries, however, the changing political conditions across the world and, in particular, the wars in Europe, stimulated the rise of various ideologies, including nationalism, New Imperialism, liberal democracy and racism under the struggle for predominant discursive space. The trend of national self-determination and Jiang Wei-shui’s personal character and history enable the varied textual interpretation of Clinical Lectures. Accordingly, interaction and negotiation were made possible between the modern medical gaze and the semiotic elements in that text.