財產權與分享財富的必要性－－約翰．克里索斯頓濟貧思想再探

約翰．克里索斯頓的佈道中包含不少關於財產權與濟貧話題的討論。以往研究對兩者的相關性並未有充分論述。本文試圖從約翰對財產權的論述出發重新認識濟貧的必要性。約翰認為萬物本共用，財產私有並非創世之初即已存在，而是人類墮落後伴隨原罪而生。因此，世人並不擁有財產所有權，而只有使用權。世俗社會佔有更多財富的人只是這些財富的「管家」，在滿足自身基本需求外，他們要將代為管理的財產與人分享，用於濟貧他人。從財產所屬關係出發，濟貧具有必要性，是有產者應盡之義務。但實踐中，約翰認為有產者只要將其財產的一部分用於濟貧即可。

關鍵字

約翰．克里索斯頓；財產權；濟貧

並列摘要

John Chrysostom's sermons contain numerous discussions on the topic of property rights and almsgiving. The relevance of the two has not yet been adequately addressed in previous studies. This article reinvestigates almsgiving in light of John Chrysostom's view of property rights. He argues that all things were created to be shared in common, and that private ownership of property, as a by-product of original sin, did not exist at the beginning of creation, but emerged after the fall of man. Thus, human beings do not have ownership of property, but only the right to use it. In the secular world, those who possess more wealth are mere "stewards" of that wealth, and apart from meeting their own basic needs, they are expected to share and use the property under their management to help others. Another aspect is the consideration of the limited property rights enjoyed by human beings, so almsgiving is therefore necessary, that is, those who possess property need to fulfill this obligation. In practice, however, he considered that it would be sufficient for the property holder to use only a portion of his property to fulfill one's almsgiving obligation.

並列關鍵字

John Chrysostom ； Property Rights ； Almsgiving

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