「被揀選的族類」—巴特基督中心揀選論視野下的民族概念

本文探討巴特在《上帝恩典揀選》（1936）當中所提出的「民族」概念。納粹黨於一九三二年順民意掌控德國議會，希特勒隔年成為德國總理，巴特於一九三五年被迫離開德國。他一九三六年發展出基督中心揀選論，便立即在此視野下，對德意志民族主義及國民宗教提出批判。本文以德國觀念論思想史為背景，提出以下立論：巴特一九三六年在基督中心本體論視野下提出的與民族論述主張，民族性是選民共同體的外在基礎之一，而教會群體所蒙的揀選，乃是民族性獨一無二的內在基礎。本文結語在此民族論述的框架下，淺談巴特同一時期的作品《稱義與正義》（1938）當中關於政教關係的反思，以闡明巴特在《上帝恩典揀選》當中看似突兀的「基督教國家（Land）」之說。

關鍵字

巴特；民族主義；民族；揀選；基督中心論

並列摘要

This article explores Karl Barth's conceptualisation of nationhood set forth in Gottes Gnadenwahl (1936), a booklet which marks the beginning of the Christocentric phase of the Swiss theologian's career. The immediate application of his Christocentric ontology to his theology of nationhood in an eight-page appendix to the booklet conveying a strong sense of urgency which addresses the idolatrous immanentisation of eschatological hope, by the secularisation of the Christian doctrines of election and providence, to which Hegel and nineteenth-century idealism gave rise. To appreciate his sense of urgency, it serves well to recall the geo-political background of the authorship of Gottes Gnadenwahl. In Germany, the Nazi Party seized power in 1932, and Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in the ensuing year. Because of his staunch opposition to Nazi ideology, Barth was forced to leave This article explores Karl Barth's conceptualisation of nationhood set forth in Gottes Gnadenwahl (1936), a booklet which marks the beginning of the Christocentric phase of the Swiss theologian's career. The immediate application of his Christocentric ontology to his theology of nationhood in an eight-page appendix to the booklet conveying a strong sense of urgency which addresses the idolatrous immanentisation of eschatological hope, by the secularisation of the Christian doctrines of election and providence, to which Hegel and nineteenth-century idealism gave rise. To appreciate his sense of urgency, it serves well to recall the geo-political background of the authorship of Gottes Gnadenwahl. In Germany, the Nazi Party seized power in 1932, and Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in the ensuing year. Because of his staunch opposition to Nazi ideology, Barth was forced to leave Germany in 1935. In 1936, for the first time in his career, he offered a thoroughly Christocentric refutation of the nationalism and Volksreligion that bolstered the rise of the Third Reich. But at the same time, he unequivocally affirmed nationhood as God's gracious determination of human nature in his writing, in Christo. Nationhood as such is described as an indispensable dimension of humanhood. This article sets forth the thesis that according to Barth's Christocentric ontology, as set forth in Gottes Gnadenwahl, nationhood is an external basis of the actualisation of election in the form of a community, while the church qua community as the elect is the internal basis of nationhood. This article then concludes with reflections on Barth's rather surprising insinuation of his vision of Christian countries on earth, as referenced from a short treatise from approximately the same period, Rechtfertigung und Recht (1938).

並列關鍵字

Karl Barth ； Nationalism ； Nationhood ； Election ； Christocentrism

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