預測性警察活動在犯罪偵防運用與問題

The Problems and Implementation of Predictive Policing on Criminal Justice

王正嘉(Jiang-Jia Wang)

《刑事政策與犯罪防治研究專刊》 25期 (2020/08) Pp. 1-47

https://doi.org/10.6460/CPCP.202008_(25).01

摘要

近年來隨著人工智慧（AI）與大數據（big data）的發展，警察活動逐漸走向數據導向與預測性，逐漸形成預測性警察活動（predictive policing）的風潮。這項發展在美國結合到電腦軟體，開發出多樣以地點、人與時間的預測性警察活動程式，運用到犯罪偵防與偵查上，雖然成效卓著，但同時也引發諸多問題。本文的主要目的即在探討此問題，從預測性警察活動的演進、運用，乃至於所衍生問題，做一個鳥瞰式的評估，並從美國學者的論述，檢討我國未來可能發生問題，找出一條解決之道。

關鍵字

預測性警察活動 ； AI ； 大數據 ； 犯罪偵防 ； 黑數據 ； 藍數據

並列摘要

Accompanying to development of AI and Big data, the police acts as well as data-driven and predictive. It trends to Predictive policing. In American, it combines with computer software and develops many programs. There are many sorts of place, target and time. It brings effectiveness and problems as the same time. The main purpose of this article is trying to explore these problems. It describes the evolution, implement and the problems of predictive policing. And it gives a evaluation about predictive policing from the American scholar's literatures. It try to find a way to solution the future problems when predictive policing occurs in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Predictive Policing ； AI ； Big Data ； Criminal Investigation and Prevention ； Black Data ； Blue Data

參考文獻

Benbouzid, B. (2019). To Predict and to Manage. Predictive Policing in the United States. Big Data & Society, 6(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1177/2053951719861703

Bennett Moses, L. & Chan, J. (2018). Algorithmic Prediction in Policing: Assumptions, Evaluation, and Accountability. Policing and Society, 28(7), 806-822. doi:10.1080/10439463.2016.1253695

Brayne, S. (2017). Big Data Surveillance: The Case of Policing. American Sociological Review, 82(5), 977-1008. doi: 10.1177/ 0003122417725865

Christin, A. (2017). Algorithms in Practice: Comparing Web Journalism and Criminal Justice. Big Data & Society, 4(2), 1-14. doi: 10.1177/2053951717718855

王正嘉（2019）。AI與人臉辨識技術運用於犯罪偵防之問題分析。載於刑事政策與犯罪研究論文集(22)（ 頁235-254）。臺北：法務部司法官學院。