- 學位論文
警察跟監制度之研究
A Research on the Regulation on Police Surveillance and Tailing
摘要
跟蹤監視為警察蒐集資訊的方式之一，且行之有年，跟監對人民基本權造成干預之事實長期未受重視，直到民國91年6月25日公布之警察職權行使法，始有以「防止犯罪」為目的之行政警察跟監規定，但警察為偵查犯罪所實施之跟監，仍然欠缺法律依據；由於警察在人民不知悉之情況下，以秘密方式實施跟監，將對人民之隱私權、行動自由、資訊自決權及人性尊嚴造成侵害，尤其是現代型科技跟監，使用全球衛星定位系統等高科技儀器，能夠毫無遺漏地追蹤掌握目標物，使人民無所循形，侵害程度更為嚴重，基於法治國家原則，警察跟監應如同其他干預基本權之國家公權力措施，遵守法律保留原則與比例原則，甚至受司法令狀原則之拘束，研究並參考日本、美國、德國等國有關警察跟監之法院判決及相關法律規定，爰就犯罪偵查之跟監規定，提出立法建議，冀望我國警察職權行使之法制更趨完備。
並列摘要
The police have conducted surveillance and tailing to collect personal information for decades. The issue that police surveillance and tailing would encroach on human rights was ignored until the enactment of the Police Duties Enforcement Act (hereinafter the Act) on June 25, 2002. Art. 11 of the Act stipulate the requirements of administrative police surveillance and tailing for the purpose of criminal prevention. As to the police surveillance and tailing for the purpose of criminal investigation, there has been no statue regulating this field yet. Because police surveillance and tailing are conducted covertly without people’s consent, it is likely to encroach on the right to privacy, the freedom of movement, the right to self-determination on personal information and human dignity. With the use of modern technology such as GPS, police surveillance and tailing can track the target precisely and therefore cause severe encroachment on human rights. According to the principle of rule of law, police surveillance and tailing should be regulated, abide by the principle of proportionality and even writ just as other state measures which influences human rights. After researching and taking the court rulings and statues of Japan, United States and Germany as reference, the draft article of police surveillance and tailing in criminal investigation is advanced in this thesis so as to suffice the legal system of police authority in Taiwan.