具「修復」精神的傳統正義－泰雅族耆老的觀點

近年來我國積極推廣修復式司法，尤其該觀點源自於傳統原住民的社會文化當中，本研究旨在瞭解泰雅族傳統正義處理犯罪的方法，以及對其部落帶來的影響。研究發現泰雅族的傳統正義的核心元素為：Gaga（一般規範）與Utux（祖靈）。由於泰雅族的特殊社會結構強調集體主義大於個人，且沒有犯罪概念，因此處理衝突係由雙方耆老以Gaga為本，協調出賠償結果，並透過儀式性的方式化解彼此恩怨，恢復部落往日安全。據此，泰雅族透過耆老等代理人角色而非當事人直接對話，因此是否尊重當事人意願和顧及個人權益等原則，是泰雅族傳統正義與修復式司法不同之處；整體而言，兩者兼具高社會控制力與高社會支持性的機制，對防止犯罪，降低報復循環有其明顯效果。最後，筆者建議未來臺灣將仿造美國、加拿大等國設立原住民法庭，可先藉回復原住民傳統正義的機會，優先在原住民鄉鎮的地方法院或調解委員會內進行試辦。

關鍵字

修復式司法；傳統正義；泰雅族；和解；賠償

並列摘要

In recent years, Taiwan has actively promoted Restorative Justice, especially since this viewpoint originated from the traditional indigenous society and culture. This study aims to understand the Traditional Justice treatment method of the Atayal ethnic group and its impact on the tribe. The research found that the core elements of the traditional justice of the Atayal are: Gaga (general norms) and Utux (ancestors). Because the special social structure of the Atayal emphasizes collectivism over individualism, and there is no concept of crime, the conflict is handled by the elders of the two parties, based on Gaga, coordinating the compensation results, and resolving each other's grievances in a ritual way to restore the tribe's harmony. According to this, the Atayal ethnic group uses agent such as the elders instead of direct dialogue with the parties. Therefore, whether the personal will of the parties and their personal rights are respected is the difference between Atayal Traditional Justice and Restorative Justice. A high social control and high social support mechanism has obvious effects on preventing crime and reducing the cycle of retaliation. Finally, the author suggests that in the future, Taiwan will imitate the United States, Canada and other countries to set up indigenous courts. It can first take the opportunity to restore the Traditional Justice of the indigenous people, and give priority to trials in local courts or mediation committees of indigenous towns.