《宋元學案˙慶元黨案》研究

《宋元學案》為現今研究宋元時期之重要學術史著作，然其書末有兩篇性質較為特殊的黨案，分別為〈元祐黨案〉與〈慶元黨案〉，此為全祖望所特立，黃宗羲原先編撰《學案》時並無此構想。本文即針對〈慶元黨案〉加以探討。「慶元黨」一詞乃源自南宋寧宗時期之「慶元黨禁」，以韓侂胄為首的官僚人士為了對付以趙汝愚、朱熹一派的道學人士，在政治上進行一系列的打壓與學術上的禁錮，因而產生所謂的「慶元黨人」──即受到打壓的偽學逆黨之人，其黨人與師承偽學之士人，一生皆無法進入官場，取得政治地位。〈慶元黨案〉即整理慶元黨人與攻擊者的資料，使「賢否具見，卓然千古」，並放大事表，使閱覽者可考宋代道學興廢之經由，為觀《宋元學案》者所不可廢之篇卷。本文之研究目的在於討論〈慶元黨案〉有何重要性及學術意義，導致全祖望須特別創立黨案於《宋元學案》之末；又，由於學界至今並無專門以兩篇黨案為研究主題的研究論文，因此本文在論述安排上，首先於第二節爬梳、分析〈慶元黨案〉之成篇經過與內容來源，得知〈慶元黨案〉是以《道命錄》為底本；第三節比較與通行本《道命錄》之異同；第四節則結合前二前之分析，進一步探討〈慶元黨案〉之學術意義與價值；最末於第五節中，指出〈慶元黨案〉本身之局限問題。希冀透過對〈慶元黨案〉較為完整的初步探討，能對後續之研究有所裨益。

關鍵字

〈宋元學案〉；〈慶元黨案〉；《道命錄》；南宋道學；大事表

並列摘要

Song Yuan Xue An is the significant book for researchers to probe into the Chinese academic history of Song and Yuan dynasties. However, the property of its two chapters--＂Yuan You Tang An＂ and ＂Qing Yuan Tang An＂—are different from the others, which were created by Quan Zuwang originally and particularly. ＂Qing Yuan Tang,＂ a phrase from the party prohibitions during the ＂Qing Yuan＂ period, referred to some Neo-Confucians like Zhao Ruyu and Zhu Xi who were persecuted by the officialdom with Han Tuojou as a leader. ＂Qing Yuan Tang An＂ as the name implies, recorded the information of ＂Qing Yuan Tang＂ and the attackers, trying to manifest good and evil, and chosen to present this history in the form of ＂chronology＂ in order to make the trace of historical development more clear to readers. That is, it's the important chapter that shall not be overlooked when dipping into Song Yuan Xue An. This paper focuses on the text of ＂Qing Yuan Tang An,＂ discussing its academic importance and value which resulted Quan Zuwang in creating the chapter in particular. In addition, with the lack of related researches on the chapter, this paper rearranged and analyzed the text and the process of the formation of ＂Qing Yuan Tang An＂ in the section two, finding that the chapter was based on the text of Tao Ming Lu; compared ＂Qing Yuan Tang An＂ with the prevailing version of Tao Ming Lu in the section three; further researched on the academic importance and value ＂Qing Yuan Tang An＂ via previous sections in the section four; pointed out the limits and problems of ＂Qing Yuan Tang An＂ itself in the section five. Via a relatively complete research on ＂Qing Yuan Tang An,＂ this paper hopes to benefit the following researches on it.