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梵、藏、漢傳本《維摩詰經.佛國品》偈頌之比較

Comparison of the Verses in the Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Chinese Versions of the First Chapter of the Vimalakirtinirdesa

摘要


岩松浅夫懷疑梵語本《維摩詰經.佛國品》的偈頌曾遭後人在轉化中古印度語經典成傳統梵語時,為了對應梵語偈頌韻律的問題,修改了文句。他也指出支謙本的底本是犍陀羅語,但其內容卻與現今梵語本接近,因而推斷支謙本也經過後人修改。他因此認為羅什以及玄奘譯本比現存的支謙譯本還要古。本文也以第一品〈佛國品〉的偈頌為研究對象,從比對的現象中,提出對以上說法的質疑。另外,目前還沒有《維摩詰經》所有傳本比對的研究,岩松浅夫的比對只着重在韻律的問題。因此本文透過詳細探討〈佛國品〉每一偈頌在用詞、翻譯、內容,來分析各傳本的現象與特色,並且由此可讓一般華語學術圈了解梵語本對於處理許多漢譯問題的重要性。

關鍵字

佛土 佛教梵語 支謙 鳩摩羅什 玄奘

並列摘要


According to Iwamatsu Asao, the Sanskrit version of the Vimalakirtinirdesa could have been changed in the process of Sanskritization. He points out further that Zhi Qian's translation stands very close to the extant Sanskrit version, despite the fact that Zhi Qian based his translation on a Gandhari text. He concludes, therefore, that Zhi Qian's translation could have also been changed by a later hand. This paper provides a comprehensive study of the verses of the First Chapter and points out features that contradict the above views through comparing all the different versions. This paper shows also the importance of comparison of all the versions especially the Sanskrit version for the interpretation of the Chinese translations.

並列關鍵字

Buddhafield Buddhist Sanskrit Zhi Qian Kumarajiva Xuanzang

參考文獻


《德格版西藏大藏經》,Ma 帙 179a1ff.。
《影印北京版西藏大藏經》冊 34,Bu 帙 182b6ff.。
《龍藏經》,經藏部,Mu 帙 272a5ff.,新北市:龍岡數位文化有限公司,2011。
大正大學綜合佛教研究所梵語佛典研究會編,2004,《梵藏漢對照『維摩經』》,東京:大正大學出版會。
大正大學綜合佛教研究所梵語佛典研究會編,2006,《梵文維摩經:ポタラ宮所藏写本に基づく校訂》,東京:大正大學出版會。

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