開發揚聲器量測及分析系統並應用於電阻抗、振膜振動、線性參數與聲壓位準之量測

隨著科技的蓬勃發展，揚聲器已經成為人類社會不可或缺的一部份，特別是近年隨著消費性電子產品的發展，電聲產品的品質要求也愈來愈高。雖然揚聲器的發聲原理相當簡單，也是一項發展許久的技術，但要做出具有高品質的完美揚聲器，卻是相當艱難的任務，針對不同需求，如何製作出能滿足不同使用者的揚聲器，更是個值得討論的課題。為了設計出高品質的揚聲器，量測揚聲器便變得非常重要。本文主要內容為自行開發揚聲器的量測系統，目標取代專業電聲量測系統以降低成本，並提高自由度滿足不同研究者的使用目的。量測系統分成三大部份：第一部份為揚聲器電系統的電阻抗，並結合自行設計的治具測試不同耳機音膜對揚聲器的共振頻變化，以此測試音膜的穩定性，應用於實際產線上的工程問題。第二部份為機械系統的振膜動態位移，並計算出位移電壓轉移函數，結合阻抗曲線推得TS參數。此外，開發一套分析系統，分析揚聲器電訊號及位移訊號的暫態響應，自動判斷暫態訊號開始進入穩態的波數。最後為聲學系統的聲壓訊號，自行開發揚聲器聲壓位準量測系統，同時使用TS參數和振膜位移模擬聲壓位準與之比較，最後使用光學量測振膜模態，檢視聲壓位準之頻率響應上的音峰音谷。所有自行開發的量測系統實驗結果與專業電聲量測系統比較，確定可行性。

關鍵字

集總參數模型；揚聲器；電阻抗；共振頻；音膜彎曲剛性；振膜動態位移； TS參數；位準；膜模態

並列摘要

With the vigorous development of technology, speakers have become an indispensable part of human society. Especially in recent decades, the quality of electro-acoustic products have become more demanding than ever along with the progression of consumer electronics products. The working principle of speakers is quite simple, but to satisfy different needs is still worthy of research. To design high-quality speakers, the measurement of speaker characteristics is crucial. The main content of this thesis is to develop a speaker measuring system is to replace professional electro-acoustic measuring systems, aimed at reducing costs as well as providing a higher degree of freedom system to users and fellow researchers to meet their respective needs. The measuring system consists of three parts: first, the electrical impedance of the loudspeaker, including utilizing it to test the stability of the earphone membranes as a realistic engineering problem. The second part is on dynamic displacement of speakers’ diaphragms, calculating the displacement-voltage transfer function, which can determine the TS parameters in conjunction with the impedance curve. In addition, an analysis system is developed to analyze the transient response of electrical signals and displacement signals of speakers. This system is capable of automatically determining the number of waves for the signal to reach steady state. Finally, a sound pressure level measuring subsystem is developed. Simulating the sound pressure level with TS parameters and the diaphragm displacement as well. Last, measuring diaphragm vibration mode with an optical measurement to check the peaks and valleys in the SPL curve. All the experimental results of self-developing measuring system are compared with professional electro-acoustic measurement systems to determine its practicality.

並列關鍵字

Lumped Parameter Model ； speaker ； electrical impedance ； resonant frequency ； stiffness of diaphragm ； dynamic displacement of diaphragm ； TS parameters ； sound pressure level ； vibration modes of diaphragm

參考文獻

[1] 林致達，劉興華, "微型喇叭聲學特性測試與模擬," 碩士論文, 車輛工程研究所, 臺北科技大學, 2006.

[4] 鄭緣堂，劉興華, "揚聲器振膜動態量測之探討," 碩士論文, 車輛工程研究所, 臺北科技大學, 2011.

[7] 趙浚瑜，馬劍清, "超磁致伸縮材料、層狀壓電壓磁複合材料及磁場動圈式揚聲器動態特性之分析與量測," 碩士論文, 機械工程研究所, 臺灣大學, 2013.

[8] 吳柍蓁，馬劍清, "振膜、導音管及調音布對於揚聲器系統動態特性的影響分析與量測," 碩士論文, 機械工程研究所, 臺灣大學, 2015.

[5] 黃國峯，金大仁, "揚聲器各元件對聲壓曲線之影響," 碩士論文, 機械工程研究所, 交通大學, 2012.

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開發揚聲器量測及分析系統並應用於電阻抗、振膜振動、線性參數與聲壓位準之量測

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