新自由主義與台灣私有化政策－新制度學派理念觀點的分析

Neo-liberalism and Taiwan's Privatization Policy－An Ideational Institutionalist Perspective

陳靜雲(Ching-Yun Chen)

指導教授 ： 施世駿

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.01203

摘要

在二十世紀的最後二十年，人類經濟史上少見的大規模所有權移轉行動在世界各地上演。台灣也不例外，在1990年代將大規模的國公營事業私有化，並展開經濟自由化的轉型工程。關於台灣為何會採行私有化政策，現有研究大多從利益的角度出發，認為是當權者的政治利益考量或資本利益所迫使的。
本研究採用新制度學派中的理念觀點，認為個體的行為動機不只有利益，理念也扮演了一定角色，並分析指出1990年代台灣經濟轉型的方向及政策作法，與新自由主義理念回歸市場機能、減少政府干預的政治經濟主張一致，在自由化、私有化政策的洗禮後，台灣已經從發展型國家轉變為市場導向的經濟體。
台灣之所以採行新自由主義政策，是因為一群擁抱自由經濟理念的行動者在政治制度變遷所提供的制度性機會下，得以將理念落實為政策。這群理念的行動者以自由經濟學者為核心，其運用新的政策典範界定問題本質、建構政策計劃，並藉由結合民主化理念及公眾觀點，將純經濟效率的私有化理念重新架構為有力的政治論述，建構了改革規則的合法性。
藉由上述的理念作用，促成了台灣經濟朝向新自由主義的轉型工程。

關鍵字

新自由主義 ； 私有化 ； 新制度學派 ； 理念 ； 政策變遷

並列摘要

In the last two decades of the twentieth century, we saw rarely that in the human economic history, a large-scale ownership transfers had performed in the world. Taiwan was no exception. In the 1990s, the government had made the state-owned enterprises with enormous assets privatized, and promoted the transformation engineering toward economic liberalization. The reason why Taiwan had taken privatization as policies was attributed to the interests. According to the most existing studies, they thought that the political interests of the authorities concerned or the capital interests of the market had forced privatization.

However, in this study, it adopted the perspective of the new-institutionalism, thinking that the behavioral motivation includes not only interests but also ideas. This study also analyzed and pointed out that in the 1990s the goals and policies of Taiwan’s economic transformation had corresponded to the ideal or political-economy position of the Neoliberalism; that is, returning to the market mechanism and reducing the government intervention. After baptizing from the policies of the liberalization and privatization, Taiwan had transformed from a developing country to a market-driven economy entity.

The reason why Taiwan adopted policies of the Neoliberalism was because a group of actors who had embraced the ideas of free economy carried out those ideas into policies under the institutional opportunities provided by the transformation of political systems. These actors viewed the liberal economy scholars as the core. They defined the essence of the problems and constructed the policy by the new policy paradigm. Besides, they re-constructed and translated the pure ideas of economy-effective privatization into the powerful political discourse by combining the concept of democratization and the public opinions. That is, they constructed the legitimacy of the reform rule.

With the performance of the ideal above, it contributed Taiwan’s economy toward the Neoliberalism transformation engineering.

並列關鍵字

Neo-liberalism ； privatization ； new institutionalism ； idea ； policy change

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