團隊合作與競爭氣候對個人與團隊創造力表現之影響

The influence of team collaborative and competitive climate on individual and group creativity

嚴國晉(Kuo-Ching Yen)

指導教授 ： 莊璦嘉

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/商學研究所/博士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201803896

摘要

許多具創意的成果都是在團隊過程中產生，要如何能同時提升成員個人與團隊整體的創造力表現，已成為近年學術及實務界所共同關心的重要議題。本研究依團隊動機資訊處理模型（MIP-G）觀點，將研究聚焦在團隊情境，並以團隊合作與競爭氣候分別作為誘發成員利他與利己性社會動機、團隊轉換型領導作為誘發成員知識動機的來源，探討對成員個人及團隊整體創造力表現之影響。本研究採問卷調查及實驗法二種不同方式對提出假設進行驗證。「研究1」以國軍旅級以上及機關單位幕僚為對象，調查樣本來自79個團隊中的395位部屬；「研究2」受試者對象則來自國軍某軍事院校357位學生所組成的120個團隊。
二研究結果皆顯示，當團隊成員知覺到越高團隊合作氣候時，成員個人及團隊整體創造力表現會愈佳；其次，團隊競爭氣候亦會正向地影響成員個人創造力表現；而團隊的轉換型領導則會強化團隊合作與競爭氣候各自對於成員個人創造力表現的正向影響關係。另外，進一步探究團隊合作與競爭氣候二者交互作用時的影響，二研究結果亦皆顯示，當團隊內同時具有高合作與高競爭氣候時，則會最有利於成員個人及團隊整體創造力表現。最後根據研究結果進行討論，並提出相關理論及實務意涵。

關鍵字

合作氣候 ； 競爭氣候 ； 社會動機 ； 知識動機 ； 轉換型領導 ； 創造力

並列摘要

Many creative achievements are generated within a team process. In recent years, the question of how to simultaneously enhance the creative performance of individual team members and teams as a whole has become a common focus in both academic and practical circles. In order to study the impacts on the creative performance of individual members and teams as a whole, we conducted a study from the perspective of the motivated information processing in groups (MIP-G) model, focusing on team context, and setting team collaborative and competitive climates as respective triggers of pro-social and pro-self social motivations in team members and team transformational leadership as the trigger of epistemic motivations. We used two different methods, surveys and experiments, to verify proposed hypotheses. “Study 1” targeted military staff at the brigade level and above and institutional staff; survey samples were composed of 395 staff members from 79 teams. The participants in “Study 2” were composed of 120 teams formed by 357 military academy students.
Results of both studies showed that the higher the level of team collaborative climate perceived by team members, the better the creative performance of both individual members and the teams as a whole; secondly, competitive climates within teams also positively impacted on the creative performance of individual members; team transformational leadership strengthened the positive impact team collaborative and competitive climates had on the creative performance of individual members. Additionally, further exploration of the impacts of interactions between team collaborative and competitive climates in both studies yielded results showing that when both collaborative and competitive climates were prominent within a team, this was the most beneficial for the creative performance of individual members and teams as a whole. Finally, we discuss our findings and put forward relevant theories and practical implications.

並列關鍵字

collaborative climate ； competitive climate ； social motivation ； epistemic motivation ； transformational leadership ； creativity

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