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  • 學位論文

臺灣貪汙防治體制研究(1987-2014)

Research on Taiwan’s Anti-Corruption System (1987-2014)

指導教授 : 李炳南

摘要


反「貪汙(corruption)」是全世界各國都面臨的一項主要施政課題,雖然面臨的是不同的國情、文化、制度,對於「反貪汙」會有不同的制度建設,但是人民對於政府的信任程度與其廉能程度呈現高度的正相關,民主先進國家莫不以此為施政主軸之一。 本文以歷史制度論與法律的政治分析角度切入,藉由分析臺灣貪汙防治體制 的立法歷程與執行成效,探討臺灣在民主化之後邁向陽光政治的過程中所遭遇的困境,重新理解民主化之後臺灣的政治發展過程與演變。本文檢視貪汙治罪條例與陽光四法的相關定義,並回顧貪汙治罪條例與陽光四法的立法歷程,並透過司法院、法務部與監察院所公布的相關資料進行執行成效分析,藉以凸顯貪汙防治體制目前在臺灣所面臨的困境。 本文認為,「貪汙治罪條例」、「公職人員財產申報法」、「公職人員利益衝突迴避法」、「政治獻金法」、「遊說法」訂立至今所顯示的成效,與最初立法目的與社會期待顯有落差,而造成此種結果原因在於立法過程中各黨派有其利益考量,導致空有法案卻無法打造陽光政治,且因立法過程中增添不合時宜的條文導致難以落實;數據顯示,貪汙治罪條例定罪率偏低以及違反陽光四法被罰鍰的對象,以基層政治人物如縣市議員、鄉鎮市長、鄉鎮市民代表為大宗,原本所要規範的對象卻幾乎沒有在開罰名單上,另外負責監督的單位也因被監督對象過多而有人力不足的疑慮,種種的困境凸顯出臺灣貪汙防治體制徒有架構卻無實質規範力,必須從制度面、執行面評估貪汙防治體制可行性,以期臺灣政治能真正撥雲見霧。 關鍵字:陽光法案、貪汙治罪條例、法律的政治分析

並列摘要


Fighting “corruption” is a major issue for countries around the world. Countries will develop different “anti-corruption” systems according to their own customs, cultures and institutions. Nevertheless, since the public’s trust in government correlates significantly with transparency in government, anti-corruption has become the common concern for democratic countries. In this article, I adopt the concept of historical institutionalism and political analysis of law, analyzing the legislative process and evaluating the implementation outcomes of Taiwan’s anti-corruption system to figure out the difficulties in expanding government transparency and to reinterpret the political history of Taiwan after democratization. I examine the definition of the Anti-Corruption Act and the other four Sunshine Acts . I evaluate the implementation outcomes by analyzing the data provided by the Judicial Yuan, the Ministry of Justice and the Control Yuan to highlight the problems of the current anti-corruption system. I think that the results of the Anti-Corruption Act, the Act on Property-Declaration by Public Servants, the Act on Recusal of Public Servants Due to Conflict of Interest, the Political Donations Act and the Lobbying Act fail to meet the society’s expectations. This is because the political parties safeguarded their own interests during the legislative process, leading to the titular Acts. Also, outdated articles were included, making the laws hard to enforce. According to the data, the conviction rate of the Anti-Corruption Act is low. Besides, grassroots politicians, such as county and city councilors, township chiefs and township councilors, constitute the majority fined for breaching the four Sunshine Acts, while the original targets are excluded. Furthermore, the supervision bureau encounters manpower shortage arose from heavy workloads . These phenomena show that Taiwan’s anti-corruption system exists in name only. Therefore, we need to evaluate the feasibility of the anti-corruption system following the concept of institutionalism and process evaluation. I look forward to the day when politics in Taiwan comes to the sunshine . Keywords: Sunshine Acts, Anti-Corruption Act, political analysis of law

參考文獻


蔡吉源(2005)。〈臺灣的競租社會與地方財政惡化〉,《中國地方自治》58(10):3-15。
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被引用紀錄


徐佑昇(2017)。我國解嚴後罷免運動與罷免制度之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201700536

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