影響創業模式選擇之因素分析-以獨立自行創業與加入連鎖加盟體系創業為例

The Analysis of Factors Determine Entrepreneurial Forms - A Choice between Starting an Independent Business and Joining a Franchised System as a Franchisee

李仲豪(Chung-Hao Li)

指導教授 ： 辛炳隆

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.02622

摘要

早期的創業模式主要為透過獨立自行創業來進行，因此企業組織的經營型態主要以獨立經營為主。隨著許多成功的創業家選擇成為加盟主後，以連鎖加盟型態經營的企業逐漸增加。連鎖加盟體系的出現，為許多的潛在創業者提供了選擇加入連鎖加盟體系創業的機會。本研究觀察到臺灣近年來獨立自行創業與加入連鎖加盟體系兩種創業模式並存的現象，進而想要深入研究影響創業者選擇獨立自行創業或加入連鎖加盟體系創業的因素。
過去，許多國內外的學者致力於研究創業家精神，試圖描繪出創業者表現出的共同行為。本研究綜合Gedeon (2010)與Shane與Hoy (1996)學者的理論與實證結果，試圖從創業家精神中尋找出可以解釋不同創業模式的創業者行為，並從這些行為當中尋找其背後趨使的態度傾向。本研究經過對於過去文獻與實證結果的分析後，發掘創業者的創新傾向、風險傾向與自主性為三大影響創業者選擇獨立自行創業或加入連鎖加盟體系創業的態度傾向。除了創業家精神理論對於創業過程的解釋適用外，社會網絡理論也可以適用於描述創業者如何從社會網絡成員中獲得協助的狀況。根據學者Birley (1985)與Hayek (1945)對於社會網絡如何幫助創業者創業成功的解釋，可以發現社會網絡的多元性與工具性兩大重要的構面。社會網絡的多元性與工具性程度的高低反應出創業者獲得創業協助程度的高低，進而影響其選擇不同的創業模式來因應不同的創業情況。因此，本研究認為創業者的創新傾向、風險傾向、自主性、社會網絡的多元性與社會網絡的工具性程度的高低，會影響其選擇不同的創業模式。
本研究在實證過程中，主要研究的對象為已決策現在或未來要進行創業的創業者。本研究總計發放250份問卷，有效問卷數為162份。針對有效樣本進行樣本分析、信度分析與Logistic迴歸分析，以驗證本研究所提出的假設。實證研究的結果顯示，當創業者具有越高的創新傾向、越高的風險傾向、越高程度的自主性、擁有的社會網絡具有高程度的多元性與工具性功能，其會選擇獨立自行創業；當創業者具有越低的創新傾向、越低的風險傾向、越低程度的自主性、擁有的社會網絡具有越低程度的多元性與工具性功能，其會選擇加入連鎖加盟體系創業。

關鍵字

創業模式 ； 獨立自行創業 ； 加入連鎖加盟體系創業

並列摘要

Early entrepreneurial form is primarily through starting up an independent business, as result, many corporations are running independently. As many successful entrepreneurs are becoming franchisors, emergence of plenty of franchise chain systems provides many potential entrepreneurs opportunities of joining franchise systems business as franchisees. In recent years, in Taiwan, we could observe the coexistence of starting up business as independent businesses and chained stores. Accordingly, our research wants to analyze what kind of factors can affect the choice between starting up an independent business and joining a franchised system as franchisees.
In the past, many domestic and foreign scholars dedicated to the study of entrepreneurship, which is trying to depict the common behaviors that entrepreneur exhibit. In this research, we combines diversity theories and empirical results from Gedeon (2010), Shane and Hoy (1996), and try to dig up the behaviors which can corresponded with entrepreneurial form choices, then, discover the attitudinal orientations attribute these behaviors. After reviewing and analyzing past literatures and empirical results, we find out that innovative propensity, risk propensity and autonomy the three attitudinal orientations which could affect the choice between starting up an independent business and join the franchise system as a franchisee. In addition to entrepreneurship theories for explaining entrepreneurial process, social network theory can also apply to entrepreneurial success on how to obtain assistance from the social network members. According to Barley’s (1985) and Hayek’s (1945) interpretations on how social network can help entrepreneurs succeed, social network-diversity of social network and the technical function from social network are two import dimensions of social network. Different degrees of diversity of social network and technical function from social network reflect different levels of entrepreneurial assistance. Therefore, our research suggests that entrepreneurs’ innovation propensity, risk propensity, autonomy, the diversity of social network, and the technical function from social network will influence the selection of different entrepreneurial forms.
In the empirical process, the main researched objects are those who have already made the decision to entrepreneur or will entrepreneur sooner or later. In our empirical result, 250 questionnaires are issued, and 162 questionnaires are valid questionnaires. For the valid samples, we analyze it through samples analysis, reliability analysis and logistics equation analysis to see if the hypothesizes are verified. According to the empirical results, corresponded with hypothesizes, we find out an entrepreneur with higher innovative propensity, higher risk propensity, higher autonomy, the higher diversity of social network, and the much technical function from social network will choose starting up an business independently. In the contrary, an entrepreneur with lower innovative propensity, lower risk propensity, lower autonomy, the lower diversity of social network, and the less technical function from social network will choose joining a franchised system as a franchisee.

並列關鍵字

Entrepreneurial Forms ； Starting an Independent Business ； Joining a franchised systems as a Franchisee

參考文獻

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