利用固定化特殊氮細菌同時去除家庭污水中碳氮之研究

Study on simultaneously carbon and nitrogen removing from domestic wastewater with immobilized nitrogen bacteria

黃抒毓(Shu-Yu Huang)

指導教授 ： 曾四恭

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01724

摘要

本研究目的為了解異營硝化脫硝菌Achromobacter oxylosoxidans和Pseudomonas stutzeri對於模擬家庭污水是否具有同時硝化脫硝，及同時碳氮去除之效果。首先利用密閉血清瓶批次試驗確認菌株進行同時硝化脫硝之特性現象，再改以模擬家庭污水連續進流，評估其用於實際廢水處理之可能性，同時找出最適操作條件供實際廢水處理時參考。最後利用分子生物技術來追蹤固定化擔體之菌相變化，確認其長時間應用之可行性。
異營硝化脫硝菌Achromobacter oxylosoxidans和Pseudomonas stutzeri經由實驗證實在模擬家庭污水環境下，具有同時硝化脫硝現象存在，亦可有效利用廢水中之有機碳源，達到除碳之效果。經過固定化後之異營硝化脫硝菌，除有長時間存留於反應槽的能力外，更可提升其在好氧環境下之脫硝能力。
於本實驗負荷範圍內，以混合菌株於總氮濃度= 40 mg/L，COD濃度= 765 mg/L，COD/TN = 19，COD負荷 = 1.147 kg/m3/day時，硝化率為39 % ，總氮去除率為71 % 為較佳之操作條件。
異營硝化脫硝菌於一般家庭污水水質條件下，於總氮濃度= 30 ~ 40 mg/L，COD濃度= 300 ~500 mg/L，總氮去除率雖然可達53 ~ 67 %，然而氨氮殘餘量過高，較難符合氨氮放流水標準10 mg/L，且污泥增殖量較多，造成廢棄污泥處理上之問題。因此，可考慮於系統中添加自營硝化菌，以提升整體硝化效率。
以分子生物技術–DGGE追蹤連續流反應槽內固定化菌株之菌相變化情形，發現經過長時間操作後，異營硝化脫硝菌仍存在於固定化擔體中，顯示固定化作用確實可保有菌株不易流失之優點。

關鍵字

家庭污水處理 ； 氮的去除 ； 好氧脫硝 ； 異營硝化 ； 單槽硝化脫硝

並列摘要

This study was to investigate the simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen with Achromobacter oxylosoxidans and Pseudomonas stutzeri from synthetically-made domestic wastewater, and to verify the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification（SND）. First of all, using a batch experiments to analyze the SND reaction of suspended cells and immobilized cells. Furthermore, continuous-flow test was performed with synthetically-made domestic wastewater use to evaluate the availability of removing nitrogen from wastewater, and to find the optimum operation as a guideline for the treating wastewater as the same time. At the last, DGGE-based investigation was also performed by using immobilized cells to verify the feasibility in the continuous-flow system.
Experiment testified that Achromobacter oxylosoxidans and Pseudomonas stutzeri have the ability to simultaneously remove carbon and nitrogen from synthetically-made domestic wastewater, and also have the appearance of SND. In our researches, in addition to prove the immobilized cells ability of feasibility in the continuous-flow system, nitrification and denitrification are demonstrated efficiently under high DO level. Furthermore, especially for mixed-culture groups which provide 39 % nitrification efficiency, and 71 % total nitrogen removal as T-N= 40 mg/L, COD= 765 mg/L, C/N= 19 for the better operation.
Although the immobilized cells can treat synthetically-made domestic wastewater with 53~67 % total nitrogen removal rate, the system produces too much sludge and ammonia residue and achieves the effluent-standard which limits its feasibility in real operations. Hence, autotrophic nitrifiers were suggested to be applied for enhancing the nitrification efficiency.
Tracing the strain in the immobilized cells with DGGE method after the continuous-flow test shows that the strain can be conserved in the immobilized cells well and it appears that immobilized technique can successfully maintains the strains from being washed out after long-term operations.

並列關鍵字

heterotrophic nitrification ； SND ； immobilized cells

參考文獻

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