日光燈管回收作業勞工汞暴露調查

台灣地區每年約使用九千萬支日光燈管，數量相當的龐大，所造成的廢日光燈管數目亦相當可觀。日光燈管中存有汞及其他未能腐化的有害物質，需經適當的處理方能將之資源化及無害化。目前全台已有四家核可廠商進行廢日光燈管的回收處理工作。由於日光燈管回收為一新興作業，環顧國內外，尚無相關暴露資料可供參考。　因廠內汞蒸氣及附著汞蒸氣的螢光粉塵兩者並存，僅針對汞蒸氣進行評估恐有低估之虞，是以利用汞蒸氣吸附管及被覆二氯化鈀(PdCl2)的MCE濾紙，進行作業環境測定，收集作業人員尿液做為生物偵測之用，分別利用冷蒸氣、石墨爐原子吸收光譜法進行分析；尚針對作業人員的工作習慣、衛生習慣等資料進行收集。　根據作業環境測定、生物偵測及問卷結果發現，在定點汞蒸氣樣品中，除衍生物料出口外，濃度大多低於0.05 mg/m3，但是不論運轉中或清掃時的機台內定點汞蒸氣濃度均超出0.1 mg/m3，個人採樣方面，暴露濃度高低受到進出機台的頻率、特殊作業的進行(例如：破碎燈管處理、螢光粉蒸餾)、機台內部的清掃，影響甚大。將汞蒸氣吸附管及被覆二氯化鈀的MCE濾紙進行成對採集，採樣結果經直線回歸運算，得出兩者具有高度正相關(R= 0.79)，初步得出，僅採集汞蒸氣將低估作業人員的汞暴露。生物偵測方面，各廠的燈管進料人員和其他作業人員相較，尿汞值較高，雖然現場作業人員均有佩戴呼吸防護器具，但其尿汞值顯示，還是有受到汞暴露的影響。綜合問卷資料、個人空氣採樣濃度及尿汞值推測，呼吸防護具使用正確與否，影響各廠作業人員的汞暴露程度。

關鍵字

生物偵測；作業環境測定；汞；日光燈管回收作業

並列摘要

The consumption of fluorescent lamps in Taiwan is about 90 million each year, thus much hazardous waste has been produced. To reduce environmental pollution, the recycle of fluorescent lamps has begun since 2002 in Taiwan. There are four factories authorized by Taiwan EPA to process waste lamps. Processing disposed fluorescent lamps is a newly-established industry, and there are no exposure assessment data available in Taiwan. 　 The assessment of mercury exposure to workers was conducted by environmental monitoring, biological monitoring and questionnaire data. Among stationary samples of mercury vapor, most of the concentrations were below 0.05 mg/m3, except the exit of treated material. Concentrations inside the processing enclosure were beyond 0.1 mg/m3 , whether enclosure was in operation or during cleaning . Personal sampling concentration is affected by the entering frequency to enclosure or by processing other special work like crumbling broken lamps or distilling fluorescent powder, or cleaning the enclosure. The mercury exposure may be underestimated by using Hydrar sorbent tube alone. In biological monitoring, lamp loading workers had higher U-Hg concentration. Although the workers all wore respirators, U-Hg concentration showed that they were still exposed to mercury. According to questionnaire, personal sampling concentration and U-Hg concentration, whether using respirators correctly or not is the main factor to affect workers’ mercury exposure.

並列關鍵字

biological monitoring ； environmental monitoring ； mercury ； fluorescent lamp processing

參考文獻

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日光燈管回收作業勞工汞暴露調查

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