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  • 學位論文

臺灣宗教政策與法制之評估研究

An Evaluation Study of Religious Policies and Laws in Taiwan

指導教授 : 蘇彩足

摘要


本研究乃希望以較寬廣的社會科學政治學的角度,從宗教行為類型化的觀點,對於臺灣宗教政策與法制之內容,提出分析與評估性的檢討,研究方法包括文獻分析法、比較分析法及專家訪談法。 文獻探討部分,首先整理宗教政策所應遵循的憲法及法律原則,包括憲法層次的宗教自由原則、政教分立(離)原則,以及法律層次的比例原則、公益原則、明確性原則、平等原則。其次,本研究則介紹臺灣主要的五項宗教政策,包括宗教團體之設立與監督管理政策、宗教教派別之認定政策、宗教團體從事事業之監督管理政策、宗教教育之管理輔導政策,以及政府對宗教團體的獎勵與輔導政策。 文獻及資料分析部分,首先則先從國際組織、美國、日本、德國之宗教政策與法制面的介紹出發,從外國資料整理與分析「宗教自由原則」及「政教分立(離)原則」之發展背景及其實際內涵,以彌補我國政策與法制上對於前開原則內涵之不足處。其次,則依據訪談資料,歸納整理出三大類的宗教行為類型,「核心宗教行為」指宗教團體基於宗教教義之目的,所從事之宗教神聖行為,行政機關應予以尊重而不予以干涉及介入;「次核心宗教行為」指宗教團體基於宗教教義之目的,所從事之一般世俗行為,行政機關必要時仍得予以規範及限制;「核心外之宗教行為」指宗教團體基於一般社會目的,所從事之一般世俗行為,行政機關可制訂法律加以規範及限制,但仍須遵守政教關係應有之分際。最後,依照宗教行為類型之不同,提出對應之立法途徑與建議,如制訂宗教專法可以保障核心內宗教行為;各目的事業主管機關若以專業法律規範規範次核心宗教行為時,仍應符合宗教自由原則及政教分立(離)原則;宗教團體從事核心外宗教行為時,應與其他一般團體立於同等地位,遵守相關目的事業特別法律之規範。

並列摘要


This study will analyze and evaluate religious policies and laws in Taiwan by standing on a board view of political science and taking a viewpoint on the typologies of religious behaviors. The research has conducted a literature review, comparative analysis and expert interviews. The literature review summarize the constitutional and legal principles related to religious policies including free exercise of religion, and non-establishment of religion, the principles of proportionality, public interest, clarity and equality. Furthermore, this study will introduce major five religious policies in Taiwan such as the policies to oversee and manage religious organizations, to identify the religious organization sections, to supervise the religious group’s business careers, to guide the religious education, and to reward and support religious groups. The comparative analysis of the study will begin with introducing religious policies and laws in international organizations, and in countries such as the United States, Japan, and Germany. The study will conduct a historical analysis on the practices and development of free exercise of religion, and non-establishment of religion in the different counties with an aim to supplement the lack of our country. In addition, based on expert interviews, the study generalizes into three religious behavior types; “the nucleus behavior” referring to holy behaviors, “the sub-nucleus behavior” resenting civil behavior with religious purposes, “the un-nucleus behaviors” means civil behaviors with ordinary purposes. Finally, this study has some suggestions for the legislation and the administration of each kind of religious behaviors in the future.

參考文獻


陳萩蓉,2005,〈宗教團體會計處理與租稅問題之研究〉,桃園:中原大學碩士論文。
游祥洲,2007,〈論全球入世佛教之發展進路--兼論其涉及公共事務時之政治取向〉,《弘誓》,88:6-23。
趙匡為,1998,《世界各主要國家的政教關係》,北京:宗教文化。
瞿海源,2006,《宗教、術數與社會變遷》,臺北:桂冠。
周敬凡,2001,〈宗教自由的法建構-兼論「宗教團體法草案」〉,台南:成功大學法律學研究所碩士論文。

被引用紀錄


黃寶瑛(2009)。兩岸宗教交流模式之研究〈1987-2008〉--以政教關係論述〔博士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1610201315155550
蔡秀菁(2013)。政教互動與宗教團體自由權限—『宗教團體法草案』個案研究(1997-2012)〔博士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0801201418031608

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