臺北市YouBike開放大數據為基礎的公共自行車旅次與租賃站特性分析

Characteristics analysis of public bike trips and stations: Evidence from the open big data of Taipei City YouBike

戴威(WEI TAI)

指導教授 ： 鍾智林

淡江大學/商管學院/運輸管理學系碩士班/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2018.00008

摘要

臺北公共自行車YouBike建置定位為大眾運輸第一哩及最後一哩的運具，近年則成為民眾多元運輸選擇的一種。本研究依據約140萬筆臺北公共自行車YouBike旅次資料，考量YouBike租賃站是否鄰近捷運站、以及起迄端點站是否相同，將旅次區分為型1 [鄰捷運站之同站借還]、型2[非鄰捷運站之同站借還]、型3[兩端點鄰捷運站之異站借還]、型4旅次[兩端點非鄰捷運站之異站借還]、型5旅次[一端點鄰捷運站之異站借還]，探討各該型態之時間、空間、費率特性，以及YouBike與捷運之競合關係。本研究以敘述統計、迴歸分析、視覺化分析等方法發現：（1）日均旅次量依序為型5（占49.5%）、型4（占28.6%）、型3（占10.2%）、型2（占7.3%）、型1（占4.4%）；平、假日平均每一旅次的租賃費用依序係型1（為18.5、23.5元）、型2（為17.7、21.4元）、型3（為8.9、11.3元）、型4（為7.1、8.4元）、型5（為7.1、8.3元）。換言之，各類型的旅次量與租賃費用呈反向關係。（2）型1旅次平均騎乘時間最長，平、假日分別為54.3、67.9分鐘；平日尖峰時段為12-13時和16-21時、假日為16-21時。（3）型2旅次平均騎乘時間次之，平、假日分別為52.6、62.8分鐘；平、假日尖峰時段為12-13時和17-22時，與型1尖峰時段相近。此外，型2的前10大旅次量多發生於鄰近200公尺內有學校之租賃站，推測學生及附近民眾外出午餐會使用YouBike；（4）騎乘時間30分鐘內（即5元）的型3旅次可能取代16元的捷運旅次、30-59分鐘（即15元）的型3旅次可能取代20、24、28元的捷運旅次。影響型3日均旅次量之變數，平日為捷運站距公里、任一端為捷運端點站、YouBike旅行時間中位數；假日為任一端為捷運轉乘站、任一端為捷運端點站；（5）型4旅次中，騎乘Youbike相較於步行較長距離以搭乘捷運，平日平均可節省12.5分鐘、11.6元；假日為10分鐘、10.9元；（6）型5旅次負擔捷運第一哩及最後一哩接駁的功能，平均騎乘時間最短，平、假日分別為16.8、20.7分鐘。（7）總計而言，約有3成旅次之起點及迄點站與最近捷運站的總距離在500公尺內，約有5成旅次之起點及迄點站與最近捷運站的總距離在500-1000公尺。未來可考慮公共自行車與捷運間的轉乘優惠，增加民眾使用大眾運輸工具。

關鍵字

公共自行車 ； 自行車共享 ； 競合關係 ； 迴歸分析

並列摘要

Taipei City public bike system, YouBike, was initiated as the first- and last-mile mode of public transportation It has become one of travelers multiple transportation choices for recent years. This study used about 1.4 million YouBike trip data. The trips were divided into five types based on whether the origin and destination stations are the same, and whether they are next to MRT stations. Type 1 trips have the same origins and destinations next to MRT stations. Type 2 trips have the same origins and destinations not next to MRT stations. Type 3 trips have different origins and destinations next to MRT stations. Type 4 trips have different origins and destinations not next to MRT stations. Type 5 trips have either origins or destinations next to MRT stations. The temporal, spatial, and tolling characteristics of each trip type are discussed, along with the coopetition between Youbike and Taipei MRT. By using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and visual analytics, we found (1) The average amounts of daily trips from high to low are Type 5 (49.5%), Type 4 (28.6%), Type 3 (10.2%), Type 2 (7.3%), and Type 1 (4.4%). The average costs per trip on weekdays and weekend are respectively Type 1 of NT$18.5 and 23.5, Type 2 of NT$17.7 and 21.4, Type 3 of NT$8.9 and 11.3, Type 4 of NT$7.1 and 8.4, and Type 5 of NT$7.1 and 8.3. (2) The average riding time of Type 1 is the longest among the five trip types—54.3 min on the weekdays and 67.9 min on weekend. The peak periods are 12-13 o’clock and 16-21 o’clock on weekdays, and 16-21 o’clock on weekend. (3) The average riding time of Type 2 is the second longest—52.6 min on the weekdays and 62.8 min on weekend. Similar to Type 1, the peak periods are 12-13 o’clock and 17-22 o’clock on weekdays as well as on weekend. Most of the top 10 highest Type 2 trips have schools around Youbike stations. It is conjectured that students and the residents nearby Youbike stations would go out for lunch by Youbike. (4) For Type 3 trips, spending 30 min or less (cost NT$5) riding Youbike could potentially replace the MRT trips that cost NT$16. Spending 30-60 min (cost NT$15) riding Youbike could potentially replace the MRT trips that cost NT$20, 24, or 28. The factors that influence the average weekday amount of Type 3 are the distance (in kilometers) between MRT stations, one end to be the MRT terminal station, and, the median of Youbike travel time. The factors that influence the average weekend amount of Type 3 are one end to be the MRT transfer station, and one end to be the MRT terminal station. (5) For Type 4 trips, people who ride Youbike can save 12.5 min and NT$11.6 on weekdays and 10 min and NT$10.9 on weekend, in comparison with those who walk to the MRT station and take it. (6) Type 5 serves as the first- and last-mile tool of public traint. Its average riding time is the shortest among the five trip types—16.8 min on the weekdays and 20.7 min on weekend. (7) When adding the distance of the origin YouBike station to its nearest MRT station and that of the destination YouBike station to its nearest MRT station, we noticed that about 30% of all YouBike trips have that distance less than 500 m, and about 50% of all YouBike trips have that distance between 500 and 1000m. It is suggested that transfer fare discount be adopted between MRT and Youbike to encourage people using public transit.

並列關鍵字

Public Bike ； Bikesharing ； Coopetition ； Regression Analysis

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