全球治理之研究-兼論1987~1995年之兩岸關係

Approach of Global Governance-and analysis of the Cross-Strait relation in 1987~1995

涂策(Che Tu)

指導教授 ： 翁明賢

淡江大學/國際研究學院/國際事務與戰略研究所碩士班/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2006.00191

摘要

廿一世紀是全球化的時代，通訊技術的發達將人類帶入了影像通訊時代，而且網際網路發展到無線上網的時代。網路的發達改變空間的距離與定義，虛擬空間顛覆了傳統的人們思維。首先，國際情勢因全球化而更加緊密的互相依賴，亦出現許多的全球性議題。其涵蓋範圍已非單一的國家能夠處理，必須透過國際合作的過程來解決。非國家或非政府的角色與功能均大為提升，這些國際行為體間的關係可以用「權威空間」加以涵蓋。權威空間包含國際組織、非政府組織、全球公民社會、跨國公司等國際行為體，這些行為體與民族國家針對議題進行治理的過程，構成全球治理的本質。簡言之，在全球治理下，國際社會中的行為體均必須透過國際建制以進行合作，共商全球問題之解決。

另外，全球化為兩岸互動提供不同動力來源，使其互動與交流在二十一世紀達到高峰，目前台商公司在大陸投資的總金額達到台灣對外貿易額的二分之一以上。以全球治理思維檢視兩岸，可發現隨著彼此均加入世界貿易組織，雙方政府勢將在全球性的制度安排下進行互動與合作；此外則是全球治理與兩岸治理兩種概念之相關性，由於經貿的高度互賴，帶來許多的兩岸議題，雙方的行為體必須對相關議題進行協商，以求建立共識，最終則是尋求這些議題的解決。

基於全球治理的概念與本質，政府角色並非解決問題的唯一主導單元，因此兩岸治理行為主體亦不能僅僅侷限於雙方的官方單位，亦必須思考民間社會的角色與功能，是否有助於解決緊密交流下所產生的非政治性議題。1987年至1995年間，雙方交流的行為體雖以非政府之海基會與海協會為主，但背後均有政府推動其運作，就治理角度而言，此階段的治理模式仍是以政府為主。兩會在於1992年協商簽署之共同協議，不僅在解決相關議題上達成共識，更有具體的條文產生，海峽間的治理結構已有大致的雛型。最後，兩岸治理並非烏托邦式的幻想，而是務實地建構未來的新方向。以目前的趨勢來看，雙方正朝向治理之方向前進，諸如包機直航、水果登陸、熊貓來台等議題，均是兩岸建立議題導向之治理模式的契機，若雙方能透過協商以尋求相關議題之最終解決，將有助於海峽情勢的穩定與發展。

關鍵字

全球化 ； 全球治理 ； 兩岸治理 ； 國際建制 ； 權威空間 ； 全球公民社會

並列摘要

The 21st century is the Globalization Age. The communication technology has developed to lead the humanity to the image communication age, moreover the Internet has already developed to the age which wireless access the net. The development of the network has changed distance and definition of space. The hypothesized space has greatly covered the traditional people thought. First, Globalization has made the International Relation be closely interdependent. The result of the global closer interdependence is that it has product many complex international issues. As these issues make Nation-State to be unable to engage such issues by itself, so Nation-State has to solve these global issues with the process of the international cooperation. The role and the function of the non-state and the non-government actors have been promoted. We could call these actors Space of Authorities（SOAs）, and it contains the nation-state, the international organization, the non-government organization (NGO.), the global citizen society, the multi-national corporations and so on. The process of these actors negotiating to solve global issues has constituted the essence of the Global Governance. These international actors in the International Relation all have to cooperate, to discuss, to negotiate, and to solve the global issues with the National Regime system.

Second, Globalization has provided different power of the interaction of the Cross-Strait relation of which the degree has achieved the peak in the 21st century. At present the total investment amount of the Taiwanese businessman company in the Mainland has achieved above the half amount of the Outside Trade of Taiwan. Inspected the Cross-Strait relation by the Global Governance thought, we could find that as both banks of the Cross-Strait relation have joined the World Trade Organization (WTO.), the governments of Taiwan and China must carry on the interaction and the cooperation under the global regime system. Because of the economics and trade of the Cross-Strait relation is highly mutually dependent, it also has brought many Cross-Strait issues. The actors between Taiwan and China have to establish mutual recognition in order to seek the final solution of the Cross-Strait issues.

The concept and the essence of the Governance lie in the role of which the government to solve the issues has been the only leading unit by no means. Therefore the actors of the governance of the Cross-Strait relation could not be limited in the government units. We must consider the function and action of society, and must consider whether is helpful to solve these non-political issues in the Cross-Strait relation. In 1987~1995, although Strait-Exchange Foundation（SEF） and Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits（ARATS） were the main actors of the Cross-Strait relation, in fact the Taiwan and China government were still important. In this stage, the governments were the primary actor of the Cross-Strait Governance. In 1992, which S.E.F. and A.R.A.T.S. had signed the Cross-Strait Mutual Agreement not only had established mutual recognition for the solution of the Cross-Strait issues, but also had product the concrete stipulation. The Cross-Strait Governance system had approximately developed.

Finally, the Cross-Strait Governance would be not Utopia-like fantasy, in fact it will practically construct the new direction of the future of the Cross-Strait relation. Look by the present tendency, we could find now the Cross-Strait relation is also facing direction of the Governance system. Regardless of these issues like the chartered airplane flying straight, the fruit landing, the panda coming and so on, besides they all are the turning points to establish the governance pattern which is guided by the issues. If both sides could penetrate the consultation to seek the final solution of these issues, it would be helpful to the stable and the development of the channel circumstance.

並列關鍵字

globalization ； global governance ； Cross-strait relation ； Cross-strait govermance ； NGOs ； SOAs ； Global citizen society

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