《清平山堂話本》的語體及語言分析

宋元話本是一種在特殊背景發展下的文藝語體，其淵源與講唱文學有著密切的關係。我們從事漢語研究，礙於語料的傳世、出土形式，始終把研究焦點集中在書面文獻上，而不是實際口語的情況。直到《清平山堂話本》部分作品通篇使用通俗、生動的口語作敘述，白話短篇小說才算正式出現，開始了中國語言文學史上的新階段。雖然光看《清平山堂話本》的語言還相當粗糙，但它體現了從「文人雅文學」到「民間口語創作」的過渡，對其後白話小說的創作以及近代漢語的研究都有開創的意義。本論文試圖從「語體學」角度切入《清平山堂話本》的語言層面進行研究。第二章通過話本的考察，確立《清平山堂話本》的定位及語料的價值。第三章劃分《清平山堂話本》的語體層次，藉不同語體相互滲透與交融的分析結果，歸納出一個完整而有特色的話本語體系統。第四章針對《清平山堂話本》在漢語發展所呈現的特點，包括複合詞構詞、代詞系統、助詞句式的發展，經分析、統計並把其他語料納入比較，口語化的程度高下立判，證明了《清平山堂話本》保留了較多宋元的口語，而口語化程度高的白話小說才是研究宋元漢語發展的珍貴語料。

關鍵字

宋元話本；清平山堂話本；白話小說；口語；語體

並列摘要

“Song Yuan Hua Ben” was one of the literature genres developed in an unique background. Its derivation had close relationship with literature of mixed prose and verse. When speaking to the study of Chinese linguistic, the researchers in the past hindered by the generations of corpora and the formations of excavation; they often paid more attention on the written documents themselves rather than the practical oral language. Not until had the appearance of “Ching-Ping-Shan Hall Hua Ben”, which part of its chapters described in a popular and vivid oral language, colloquial short story could officially be established its genre and started the new phase in the history of Chinses language and literature. The overall language used in “Ching-Ping-Shan Hall Hua Ben” was quite rough, but this work presented the transition of intelligentsia literature to folk literature; it had initial status of the later creation of colloquial stories, and the latest study of Chinese linguistic. This thesis starts from the perspective of genre to proceed the study of the linguistic level of “Ching-Ping-Shan Hall Hua Ben”. As for the second chapter, in the examination of Hua Ben, the researcher may confirm the status of “Ching-Ping-Shan Hall Hua Ben” and the value of its corpora. Next, in the third chapter, the researcher divides the level of this work’s genre. In the analysis of different genres’ penetration and blend, the researcher would generalize a complete and featured genre system of Hua Ben. Finally, as far as the characteristics of the development of Chinese linguistic in “Ching-Ping-Shan Hall Hua Ben” are concerned (i.e. compound forms, pronoun systems, and auxiliary words), the researcher in the fourth chapter analyzes, compiles statistics, and compares other corpora with this work. The findings should prove that “Ching-Ping-Shan Hall Hua Ben” preserves higher proportions of oral language in Song and Yuan Dynasty; and the colloquial story with higher proportions of oral language would be the valuable corpora of studying the development of Chinese linguistic in Song and Yuan Dynasty.