我國食品安全危機管理問題之研究

The Crisis Management of Food Safety Problems in Taiwan

樊丕愉(Pi-Yu Fan)

指導教授 ： 劉淑惠

淡江大學/管理學院/公共行政學系公共政策碩士在職專班/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2010.00720

摘要

在全球化環境之下，現代政府面臨「跨地域性」、「時間緊迫性」、「高複雜性議題」和「合法性及課責性」四大挑戰，因此，身處「全球化地球村」概念下的現代政府，絕無可能避免面對跨區域性、國際化同步治理的各項挑戰。
由於近年來國內外食品安全事件風波不斷，食品安全議題屢成民意焦點，我國食品安全主管機關的危機處理能力普受質疑，本文係就我國食品安全所面臨之問題、環境及處置作為進行全面性探討，經由本文，吾人可知當今危機管理的新挑戰即是日益複雜與不確定性的危機環境與危機特性，而食品安全的危機事件因其具有高度專業因素之特殊性，而益顯複雜，難以處理。
面對食品安全危機事件具有高度專業性及極不確定性之特性，事前細密地危機管理計劃並無法確保可有效地處理危機。管理者應將此類型危機因應視為既存於組織中之有生機制，而非單純地規劃其處理流程即可圓滿地應對危機。故亦無所謂最有效的危機處理規則，最佳的危機管理機制須依危機之特性，因應內、外部情境靈活地予以調整處置作為，因事、因時、因地、因物、因對象以智慧應對，期能圓滿收場。
本研究係先以文獻探討設定「認知」、「溝通」、「協調」、「控制」、「學習」等五項關鍵變數作為分析架構，依此將我國現行、預期之危機處理機制、關鍵性危機處理個案合併訪談資料予以綜合分析，以探討食品安全危機處理主管機關所採行的處置措施及其結果。
最終，總結擬具六項建議︰
一、發揮公權力，尊重專業，屏除少數決策，降低政治力干預，落實法規之執行。
二、跨部會間應正視差異、尋求共識，整體參與、聯合分工，共創多贏。
三、落實風險溝通，加強經營媒體關係，教導民眾正確食品安全之觀念，維持良性互動，俾使事件真相理性、客觀呈現。
四、建立常設危機管理單位，以長期觀點充分準備，從不斷學習及調適中，因時、事、人、地、物，權變式智慧因應危機，動態式管理危機。
五、建立系統思考的學習團隊，將學習經驗化為新典範，藉以改善危機處理思考與行動方向。
六、善用第三方力量，藉其公正、專業、客觀立場，協助消紛止爭，釐清事件真相，盡
速平息危機，降低損害，減少衝擊。
以提供政府部門在處理此類型危機時之參酌，憑以擬訂更有效的因應作為。

關鍵字

食品安全 ； 危機管理

並列摘要

In a globalized environment, modern governments now are facing four kinds of giant challenges: “cross-regionalization”, “time-pressing problems”, “highly-complexity issues” and “legitimacy and accountability.” Therefore, under the concept of “the earth village of globalization”, modern governments by no means can evade all kinds of challenges derived from cross-regionalization and international synchronization governance.
Recently, since the endless disputes of food safety at home and aboard, the issues of food safety have become the main concern of the public again and again. However, the central competent authority in charge of food safety in Taiwan has generally been questioned about its ability of crisis management, therefore, we need to discuss comprehensively about the related problems, environments and arrangements of food safety in our country. Through this study, we will know that the new challenges of crisis management nowadays are the increasing complicated crisis environments and their characteristics. Due to the high-professional particularity in the crisis matters of food safety, the situation here becomes so perplexed increasingly that it is hard for us to deal with.
Confronting with the issues of food safety will need highly-professional planning, and in the mean time, these issues themselves are with highly-uncertainty. Even if we construct crisis management arrangements in advance, it cannot be secured that we can deal with these issues effectively. The concerned officials should see this kind of crisis-solving measures as a live mechanism already exists in the organizations, not simply planning the processes and the strategies which can deal with the crisis perfectly. Therefore, it is impossible to set up the most effective rules of crisis management. The best mechanism of the crisis management of food safety should take account of the characteristics of the crisis, and adjust related processes according to internal and external situations. In addition to that, only if we think of circumstances, the time, the places, the incidents and the subjects wisely can we get into a successful outcome.
By using document analysis method, case analysis method and in-depth interviews, the application of crisis strategies under the crisis situation and their effectiveness analysis were obtained. Theoretic guidelines and practical experience were used to explore the present and anticipated crisis management mechanisms and crucial cases in our country; meanwhile, in order to probe into the measures adopted by concerned agencies and enforced outcomes, I will incorporate the results above into related interviewing materials to do my analysis.
In this study, I set five key variable factors from the literature review to construct the analysis framework: cognition, communication, coordination, control and learning. Summing up the whole discussion, I hope these advices will help these agencies when dealing with those kinds of crises so as to draw up more effective measures. This study expects to raise some findings and suggestions, which can help our government agencies to take these as a reference when they face similar situations.

並列關鍵字

Food Safety ； Crisis Management

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