應用RFID於監測土石流移動軌跡之研究

A study of monitory Trajectory of Debris Flow by RFID

劉君禹(Chun-Yu Liu)

指導教授 ： 陸元平

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/機電整合研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

大自然生態和環境維護議題，土石流災害長久以來一直造成人類與生態的嚴重危害。尤其台灣地形與氣候變遷等因素，使得土石流災害的破壞力更為驚人且難以預測。因此從監測預警及工程安全設計上著手以期降低土石流災害對人類和環境的損害更顯重要。然而預警監測模式的建立或規劃設計通常需要有正確的觀測資料為依據，例如流量、流速以及移動軌跡等等，才能獲得準確的資訊。故如何觀測及精確計算加速度、軌跡等資訊以作為預警及工程設計上之依據，實為現今土石流防災重要的工作。
而土石流之發生通常伴隨著極大的破壞力，故對於在現地觀測土石流極為不易且有相當的危險性。因此如何即時收集土石流資訊而非事後推估的方式去獲得加速度、軌跡等資訊便是一大挑戰，而RFID因為具有快速識別、耐髒汙、即時資訊傳輸等優點，故有利於在惡劣環境及大區域戶外即時監測所使用。
為達到即時監測土石流移動軌跡和流速等資訊，本研究擬利用無線射頻辨識結合慣性感測技術，將大量具定位功能的感測晶片包覆在具防水性及耐撞擊性外膜中進行實驗，透過標籤辨識、定位及無線傳輸功能，記錄定位座標、時間、RSSI和重力加速度值等資訊，由系統演算土石流之移動軌跡、加速度等資訊，以驗證系統應用於監測土石流軌跡之可行性。由實驗結果證明，本研究之軌跡監測系統，不論在任何環境中，皆可計算移動軌跡和流速，且精度可達六米以上。

關鍵字

土石流 ； 無線射頻技術

並列摘要

Issues for maintenance of natural ecological and environmental, debris flow have been serious hazards of cause human and ecological for a long time. In particular, Taiwan's topography and climate changes causes the debris flow hazard's destructive power to be more astonishing, and difficult to forecast. Therefore monitoring early warning and engineering safe design to reduce the debris flow hazards to human and the environment harm is obviously important. However, the establishment or planning and design of early warning and monitoring mode usually need to be based on correct observed data, such as flow, velocity and trajectory, etc., to obtain accurate information, so how to observe and precisely calculate acceleration, trajectory and other information as an early warning and the engineering basis of design is the most important work for debris flow disaster prevention.
The occurrence of the Debris Flow are usually associated with great destructive power, so it is a very difficult task and have considerable danger to observe debris flow at the scene. Therefore how to immediately collect debris flow information instead of obtain the information of acceleration and trajectory after debris flow has happened is a big challenge. Because RFID is good for Fast Recognition、Rugged、real-time information Transmission etc… It is advantageous for real-time monitoring of large area in harsh environment.
In order to achieve real-time monitoring the of trajectory and flow rate of debris flow. This research plans to use the radio frequency identification combined with inertial sensor technology to pack a large amount of positioning sensor chips in a waterproof and shock resistance membrane. Through the identification label, positioning and wireless transmission capabilities, positioning coordinates, time, RSSI and 3D acceleration information are recorded. The system calculate trajectory and acceleration information of the debris flow confirms the RFID system in the application feasibility of monitoring landslides track. The experiment results prove the monitoring system accurately calculate trajectory and speed in any environment.

並列關鍵字

Debris Flow ； RFID

參考文獻

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