歐洲福利國家體制、性別、超時工作與健康之相關性研究

Welfare state regimes, gender, working overtime and health - a cross-national study of European countries

朱怡蓁(Yi-Chen Chu)

指導教授 ： 莊坤洋

臺北醫學大學/公共衛生暨營養學院/公共衛生學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6831/TMU.2011.00178

摘要

研究目的：本研究探討歐洲23個國家中工作者的工作時數、性別、以及各國福利國家體制對工作者自評健康的影響。
研究方法：使用歐洲社會調查第二期資料庫進行橫斷性研究，總共納入13888位研究對象，並將23個國家分為5種福利國家體制，以邏輯斯迴歸進行分析。
結果：男性工作時數多寡與自評健康沒有明確的關係。女性工作時數越長自評健康越不好，低職業層級和家務工作時數較長會加重超時工作對於女性健康的危害。當控制了福利國家體制特質之後，超時工作能會導致自評健康不好，但是在五個福利國家體制下，超時工作與否和工作者的健康沒有一定關係。
結論：女性超時工作的健康感受可能與女性必須同時負責家庭照護工作的雙重壓力、各個國家女性勞動市場參與率、職場文化和地位有關。各福利國家體制下的福利提供方式、可近性和普及性，以及各個國家對於勞工福利的法令、準則和保障都同時影響工作者工作時數與健康的關係。

關鍵字

工作時數；性別；自評健康；福利國家體制；歐洲社會調查

並列摘要

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate gender and welfare state regimes differences in the relationship between working hours and self-rated health (SRH).
Methods: The study use data from the second wave of European Social Survey. It included 13888 workers from 23 European countries, which were classified in to five welfare state regimes. Multiple logistic regression models, by sex and welfare state regimes, were use to if the effects of work hours on health differed by sex and regimes.
Results: Working overtime wasn’t associated with poor SRH among man. Among the women, long work-hour was consistently associated with poor SRH. In addition, the effect was even greater among women with lower employment status and long domestic working hours. After adjusting for welfare state regimes, working overtime was still associated with poor self-rated health SRH.
Conclusions: Long work-hour has a negative effect on health, even after adjusted for welfare regimes. Relevant policies should aim to alleviate such a negative impact on health, particularly for women working in lower status jobs and for women with long hours of house chores. Further research should focus on the effect of other country-level variables, such as welfare expenditure, job benefits, and welfare regimes, on the relationship between long work-hour and health.

並列關鍵字

Working hours ； Gender ； Self-rated health ； Welfare state regimes ； European Social Survey

參考文獻

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