從知識基礎觀點到知識基礎策略

From Knowledge-based View to Knowledge-based Strategy

郭東霖(Tung-Lin Kuo)

指導教授 ： 吳相勳

元智大學/管理學院/經營管理碩士班(國際企業學程)/碩士(2012年)

摘要

知識管理是產生競爭優勢的關鍵。目前知識管理的主流研究著重於知識管理的資訊科技應用。然而，這些研究對於知識管理上層的策略制定並無太多著墨，使得知識管理轉化為企業競爭優勢的機制不明。在實務現象中，有學者發現廠商投入大量知識管理活動，但卻缺乏明確的績效提升效果、甚至導致失敗。為探究廠商以知識為基礎所建立的競爭優勢，本研究探討廠商如何選擇和轉換治理結構，並研究其管理流程和知識保護機制。

本研究透由一本土牙醫連鎖診所的深度質性研究，提供一個結合知識管理流程與治理機制選擇的分析架構。本研究以此架構說明廠商選擇合資、授權和直營三種治理機制所應考量的知識管理流程活動，並用以分析廠商轉換制理機制之間的關鍵知識管理活動、中階管理者的角色、以及專屬知識保護機制。本研究發現，中階管理者除了傳達組織內和跨組織間的上層管理者的策略思考與反應底層人員的創新，並且以其專業的經營知識和後勤體系的支援來保護廠商知識移轉的效益。本研究對於知識管理理論、策略制定與實務應用所提出的分析架構，將有助於學術界進一步探究「以知識為基礎的成長策略」，並對實務界提供具體有效的策略制定做法

關鍵字

知識基礎觀點 ； 知識管理過程 ； 策略形成

並列摘要

Knowledge management has been viewed as a source of firm’s competitive advantage. However, recent knowledge management studies focus on information technology implementation, rather than addressing the critical value of strategic formulation on implementation of knowledge management. Thus, the connection between firm’s competitive advantage and knowledge is still unclear. Some evidences also demonstrated that knowledge management can’t improve performance, in some conditions might cause performance decline. To understand the source of competitive advantage and provide managerial insights, this research examines how a firm chooses and switches the governance structures at meantime modifying its knowledge management flow to maintain competitiveness.
Through a qualitative study of a local dental clinic, the study provides an integrated framework which includes knowledge management processes and the selection of governance structures among joint venture, licensing and regular chain to delineate the consideration of knowledge management processes in each governance structure. And it further explains the concerns of key knowledge management activities, the role of middle-level managers and the dedicated knowledge safeguard if a firm switches the governance structures to others. The study finds out that middle-level managers not only translate the strategic thinking from top managers to bottom staffs but also reflect innovative initiatives from bottom to top managers either within or cross organizations. Also, middle-level managers keep alert to prevent opportunistic behaviors during the knowledge transferring processes.
Therefore, the research framework which are based on the theories of knowledge management, strategic formulation and practical implication will help academic research to further discuss “knowledge-based growth strategy”, and the framework provides the concrete and effective suggestions of making strategy in practice.

並列關鍵字

Knowledge-based view ； Knowledge management process ； Strategy formulation

參考文獻

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