氣喘夏令營對學齡期氣喘兒童運動行為 之成效

Effects of Asthma Summer Camp Program on Exercise Behavior of the School-Aged Children with Asthma

林虹良(Hung-Liang Lin)

指導教授 ： 陳彰惠

高雄醫學大學/護理學院/護理學系研究所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

中文摘要
本研究目的在探討氣喘夏令營對學齡期氣喘兒童運動自我效能、
學童父母的運動支持、學童運動行為改變階段、以及學童尖峰呼氣流速百分比之影響。研究方法採類實驗研究法和立意取樣方式，在南部某家醫學中心及氣喘協會選取41對氣喘學童及其一位父母，其中實驗組16對和對照組25對。對照組接受門診常規治療，實驗組接受氣喘夏令營。一個月後及二個月後再以問卷及尖峰呼氣流量計調查氣喘學童運動自我效能、父母的運動支持、學童運動行為改變階段、以及學童尖峰呼氣流速百分比之成效。所得資料以JMP5.01版套裝軟體進行卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、以及單因子多變項共變量分析(ANCOVA)來進行統計分析。
主要的研究結果發現：一、氣喘夏令營實施前，兩組氣喘學童的
運動自我效能均屬中等程度，父母的運動支持均屬中等程度以上，學
童的運動行為改變階段均處於準備期，即有在運動但是不規律，以
及學童的尖峰呼氣流速百分比均落在綠燈區，即氣喘狀況多屬於穩定
狀態。二、兩組氣喘學童在介入前，「最近一個月內的氣喘情況」與
「運動自我效能前測得分」呈現顯著差異，故將此二項列入共變數。
三、氣喘夏令營實施後，實驗組氣喘學童在運動自我效能之後測Ⅰ、
Ⅱ得分均未顯著高於對照組；實驗組學童父母在運動支持之後測Ⅰ、
Ⅱ得分均未顯著高於對照組；實驗組氣喘學童在運動行為改變階段後測Ⅱ得分顯著高於對照組；實驗組氣喘學童在尖峰呼氣流速百分比後測Ⅰ、Ⅱ得分均顯著低於對照組，但兩組在前後測之改變量均無顯著性差異。
因此，氣喘夏令營對氣喘學童之運動行為有正面的影響，可提升運動行為改變階段，但在提升氣喘學童運動自我效能、父母運動支持、以及學童尖峰呼氣流速百分比之成效不大，本研究結果可作為未來推行氣喘教育與研究方面的參考。

關鍵字

尖峰呼氣流速百分比 ； 運動行為改變階段 ； 父母的運動支持 ； 運動自我效能 ； 氣喘夏令營 ； 學齡期氣喘兒童

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of one asthma summer camp program on the self efficacy of school-aged asthma children (SAC) in exercise, the level of parents’ supportive attitude toward SAC’s exercise behavior, the stage of SAC’s exercise behavior change and the percentage change on SAC’s peak expiratory flow level. The study was a quasi-experimental design with purposive sampling method. Forty one SACs with one of their parents were selected from one medical center and one asthma education association in the south of Taiwan. Among the sample, sixteen pairs were assigned into the experimental group and 25 pairs in the control group. For the control group, only regular clinic follow up was provided. On the other hand, for the experimental group, the asthma summer camp program was provided. After the implementation of asthma summer camp, the data of SAC’s exercise self-efficacy, parents’ supportive attitude toward SAC’s exercise behavior, the stage of SAC’s exercise behavior change and the percentage of PEF level were collected through paper questionnaires and the measurement of PEF on one month (time 1) and two months (time 2) later. Finally, the software of JMP 5.01 was used for the data analysis of chi-square, independent t-test and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
The main findings in this study are as follows:
1. Before the asthma summer camp program, the two groups of SAC had a moderate level of exercise self-efficacy and a moderate to high level of parents’ supportive attitude toward SAC’s exercise behavior. Also the stage of SAC’s exercise behavior change was on the prepared stage, i.e. exercise some but not regular. The percentage of PEF was at the stable range of 80%-100%.
2. Before the implementation of the asthma camp program, the result has shown that the severity of asthma in the recent one month and the pre-test score of exercise self-efficacy in the experimental group and the control group were significantly different. Therefore, the severity of asthma and the score of exercise self-efficacy during the pretest stage were selected as two covariates for ANCOVA.
3. After the implementation of the asthma camp program, the score of exercise self-efficacy in the experimental group was not significantly higher than that in the control group at time 1 and time 2. The score of parents’ supportive attitude toward SAC’s exercise behavior in experimental group was not significantly higher than that in the control group at both time 1 and time 2. The stage of exercise behavior change level in experimental group was significantly improved than that in the control group at time 2. The PEF% in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group through time 1 and time 2 after intervention. The change of PEF% in the experimental group was not significantly different than that in the control group at both time 1 and time 2.
In conclusion, the summer asthma camp program has positive effect on the stage of SAC’s exercise behavior change but not exercise self-efficacy, parents’ supportive attitude toward SAC’s exercise behavior and the percentage change of the PEF. Based on the findings of this study, several recommendations were presented for future asthma education and research.

並列關鍵字

PEF% ； stages of exercise behavior change ； parents’ supportive attitude toward exercise be ； asthma summer camp ； school-aged children with asthma ； exercise self-efficacy

參考文獻

高碧霞（2004）．氣喘兒童之症狀評估與處置．護理雜誌，51（6），39-45。

Marcus, B. H., Rossi, J. S., Selby, V. C., Niaura, R. S., & Abrams, D. B. (1992). The stages and processes of exercise adoption and maintenance in a worksite sample. Health Psychology, 11(6), 386-395.

參考文獻

中文部份：

王正信、洪文平、王立敏（2004）．游泳運動對氣喘患者的影響．胸腔醫學，19（4），243-249