上海市歷史建築保存機制之研究

本研究以中國上海市為研究目標，期望透過對此富有歷史意義的城市建築之保存探究，以了解中國於歷史建築保存機制的實踐歷程，並以此作為台灣國內未來於歷史建築物保存上之借鏡。　　本研究透過文獻回顧法與訪談法，將上海歷史建築保存歷程區分為1991年以前、1992∼2002年及2003年之後等三個時期，探討各階段的法令計畫、組織成員及成果。於探討後發現，於1991年前上海歷史建築的保存工作乃屬於醞釀發展階段，保護工作上多以中央政府領導為主，於此階段中，確立了文物保護單位及歷史性地段保護制度，而隨著1988年保護體系層級化發展及1990年〈上海市優秀近代建築保護管理暫行規定〉起草，保護工作的發展重心才逐漸轉往地方。於1992年之後，隨著旅遊觀光業的熱潮，燃起各地方政府對歷史建築的保護熱忱，歷史建築保護與改造也獲得全面性的開展，上海市政府於此階段透過法規與分層定義確保優秀近代建築保護管理，並實行舊區改造、產業建築保護及外灘發展等多項計畫；進入2003年之後，上海市於歷史建築保存工作的發展更趨於成熟，在主要法規發展健全下，對各項實務執行的配合準則與法令也全面開展，並建置協調機制以統籌協調上海市歷史文化風貌區和優秀歷史建築保護工作。　　上海歷史建築保護工作歷經此三階段發展，雖然接近成熟，成為中國其他城市仿效的典範，但仍須面臨市民對歷史建築保護觀念養成、保護組織單一化、經費來源、保護利益配套及歷史建築再利用發展等之挑戰，此為上海歷史建築保存機制發展之待突破的瓶頸。

關鍵字

上海歷史建築；保存機制；近代建築保護；再利用

並列摘要

This research takes Shanghai, China as the objective. By studying the preservation of historical building in the city, we hope to understand the practice of how China preserve its historical buildings, and use it as a reference for Taiwan to preserve its historical buildings in the future. This research uses literature review and interview methods. The periods of Shanghai historical building preservation can be divided into three periods, before 1991, from 1992 to 2002, and after 2003. By investigating the policy and plans, organization members, and results, we find that before 1991, the preservation work of Shanghai’s historical building was still in its primary development. The preservation work was carried by the leadership of the central government. During this period, the unit responsible for protecting historical artifact and the system for preserving historical sites were defined. Following the level structure development of the preservation system in 1988, and the 1990 announcement for “the temporarily policy for preservation and management of the fine historical building of near modern era of Shanghai”, the focus for preserving the historical building shifted to the local government. After 1992, with the development of tourism industries, the local governments were enthusiastic about protecting the historical buildings. The protection and remodeling of historical building were carried out in full scale. The municipal government of Shanghai legislated many laws and hierarchy system to make sure the preservation and management of the fine historical buildings. Reformation of the old city block, protection of industrial buildings, development for the Bund were plans that were carried out. After 2003, the development for preserving historical buildings was more mature. With a healthy development for laws and regulations, the practice guidelines for the regulations were unfolded, and arbitrary system were set up to coordinate the works for Shanghai historical and culture sites and the protection of fine historical buildings. The preservation work for Shanghai historical building development has three periods of development. Although it is becoming a mature system for other cities in China to follow, but there are still challenges such as raising awareness for citizens to preserve historical buildings, centralization for the preservation organizations, funding, distribution of interests, and redevelopment for historical buildings. These are some bottleneck that the preservation system for Shanghai’s historical buildings must break through.