臺灣的博物館展示中的健康觀

The Notions of Health in the Museum Exhibitions in Taiwan

林穎楨(Ying-Jen Lin)

指導教授 ： 王嵩山

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/博物館研究所碩士班/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2011.00085

摘要

在當代的博物館經常能看到以健康為主題的展示，反映了人類對於健康的關懷。然而在多數的博物館與相關研究中，主要將「健康」的詮釋與溝通形式框限於科學論述觀點，但在臺灣的博物館展示中所呈現的「健康」，應該具有更豐富的意涵。本研究受到醫學人類學的啟發，將展示中的健康觀區分為科學實證與社會文化兩種互補的面向，分別以科學展示與民族誌展示作為兩種健康觀的研究場域，透過展示詮釋的方法，理解展示中的科學與社會文化健康觀如何在不同的知識、文化體系形塑下，展現出差異性的面貌。
本文以彰濱秀傳醫學博物館「我們的身體」展示作為科學實證健康觀的研究對象，該展示以人體生物學知識為焦點，表現出藉由透徹地理解人體、發展醫療技術來彌補、突破身體限制的健康觀，並反映出展示深受科學典範知識的哲學與基本假設所引導。國立自然科學博物館「漢人的心靈生活」展示則是社會文化健康觀的研究案例，展示以臺灣的漢文化為基礎，從整體論的詮釋角度，認為健康的概念蘊含於該社會文化自成一格的宇宙觀、人際關係、社會規範、宗教信仰等相互支持的融貫系統。
總言之，博物館展示中的科學實證與社會文化健康觀，兩者無法分別獨自地呈現健康的全貌，但能夠各自服務不同的社會文化需求而互補。事實上，當代有許多關懷健康議題的學科領域，具有科學與社會文化跨領域性格，若能讓這些領域的觀點進入博物館中共同參與健康的詮釋與溝通，將能更增進兩種健康觀面向的互補性與對話機會。

關鍵字

科學展示 ； 民族誌展示 ； 健康觀 ； 醫學人類學

並列摘要

It is common to see contemporary museum exhibitions with health themes. This indicates that the topic of health is a common concern. However, in most museums and related research, the methods used to interpret and communicate of the topic of health are confined within the scientific discourse. More specifically, the representations of health in museum exhibitions in Taiwan are diverse, implying that health has more than one meaning. Inspired by medical anthropology, exhibitions can be divided into biological and sociocultural dimensions, primarily presented in scientific and ethnographic exhibitions respectively. By interpreting the exhibitions, the characteristics of the biological and sociocultural notions of health shaped by the different epistemic and cultural systems can be clarified.
The permanent exhibition “The Human Body” at the Show-Chwan Medical Science Museum was chosen as a case to investigate the biological notion of health. Grounded in the paradigm-based knowledge produced by scientific communities, “The Human Body” demonstrates how health can be achieved by understanding human biology thoroughly and developing medical technology to exceed physical limits. On the other hand, the exhibition “Chinese Spiritual Life” at the National Museum of Natural Science in Taiwan was chosen to investigate the sociocultural notion of health. Based on Taiwan’s Chinese culture, the concept of health in “Chinese Spiritual Life” can be interpreted from a holistic perspective through the various exhibition themes, including Chinese cosmology and its system of symbolism, human relationships, social norms and religion.
In conclusion, the biological and sociocultural aspects of health are each unable to illustrate the entire picture of health on their own; only together can these two complementary perspectives satisfy the different aspects of social and cultural needs. To improve the complementarity between the biological and sociocultural notions of health in Taiwan’s museums, interdisciplinary viewpoints connecting scientific and sociocultural fields are welcomed to participate in interpreting and communicating health at the museums.

並列關鍵字

science exhibition ； ethnographic exhibition ； notions of health ； medical anthropology

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