使用無線電波頻譜事前許可制之法律議題探討

Legal Issues regarding Prior Permission Regime for Radio Spectrum Usage

吳糧竹(Liang-Chu Wu)

指導教授 ： 彭心儀

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/科技法律研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2011.00391

摘要

長久以來，我國對於無線電波頻譜之使用行為，係採行事前許可制度，要求使用者須符合一定要件與技術規格，經主管機關核准其執照之申請後，方能使用特定之無線電波頻段。此種高度管制之正當性在於一般認為頻譜具有稀有性，如有兩個以上裝置利用同一頻段於同一時間、地點傳輸訊息，即會相互干擾而無法使用。然而在現行之頻譜管制架構下，我國之「地下電台」問題恰可顯示出主管機關頻譜政策之無效率。
司法院大法官會議於2010年7月，就地下電台經營者所聲請，對於使用無線電波頻譜採行事前許可制是否牴觸憲法保障言論自由之意旨等疑義，作成釋字第678號解釋，使得是否須維持事前許可制之討論進入憲法層次。在各式頻譜共享技術已有長足發展的今日，前述因頻譜稀有性而須事前申請排他性之使用許可的論證邏輯，已逐漸遭受質疑，我國主管機關之頻譜政策似也面臨須檢討調整之時刻。
反觀外國之頻譜政策，跳脫傳統管制思維已逐漸成為未來之趨勢，如美國與歐盟相繼發表適用於頻譜共享技術之管制架構。本論文將闡述相關政策，並以其為借鏡思考我國現行之管制架構是否仍為適當，並對於科技變動下之頻譜管制架構提出可能的調整建議。

關鍵字

頻譜 ； 頻譜管理 ； 事前許可制 ； 地下電台 ； 大法官釋字第678號解釋 ； 閒置頻譜 ； 頻譜共享

並列摘要

Our government has adopted the prior permission regime for radio spectrum usage for a long time. The regime requires that users have to comply with certain requirements and technical specifications and approved by the regulator of their license applications before they use specific radio bands. The legitimacy of such a heavy regulation is generally believed that the spectrum is scarce, if two or more devices transmit message by using the same radio band at the same time and place, they will interfere with each other and can’t be used. However, the “underground radio” issue in our country exactly shows the inefficiency of this regime.
In July 2010, the Council of Grand Justices delivered Constitutional Interpretation No. 678, which responded to the underground radio station operator’s petition, made the discussion of maintaining the prior permission regime or not into the constitutional level. The various spectrum sharing technologies develop rapidly today, so the prior permission regime that requires users to apply exclusive licenses before they use spectrum due to the scarcity has gradually been challenged. The spectrum policy of our country also needs to be reviewed and adjusted.
On the other hand, the regulators of foreign countries have gradually thought outside the box. For example, the United States and the European Union have issued the regulatory regime for spectrum sharing. Refer to the experience of the United States and the European Union, this article will put forward the appropriate suggestion for the regulatory regime for spectrum which is able to respond to changes in technological development.

並列關鍵字

spectrum ； spectrum management ； prior permission regime ； underground radio ； the Interpretation of Council of Grand Justices No. 678 ； white space ； spectrum sharing

參考文獻

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