上位者的都市想像：臺南中國城空間商品化與仕紳化研究

近年來臺灣許多公共空間競標搭上國際競圖熱潮，以臺南市市區為例有五處國際競圖產物在實行，而公共空間的形塑主體來自政府的意識想像與文化實踐，是國家權力機制干預下的文化造物，並藉由此轉向開始強調政府介入空間再更新的重要性及影響力。而臺南中國城的興衰，即反映了此現象之發展與轉化，其衰敗並非全盤始於經濟環境失敗，而是承載了政治經濟、社會階級、常民生活與價值觀等複雜因素的轉軌，其誕生、拆除，與重建說明了當下台灣都市結構隨著時代與經濟型態轉型，還有空間商品化的策略與形式有別以往傳統大量生產、出口貿易導向，轉而強調在社會意識、城市文化價值及政治權力關係上琢磨，經濟積累的結構轉型使得都市型態轉化並且再結構。有鑑於仕紳化對於都市性格的形塑影響深遠，故本研究將從臺南中國城各方文獻回顧與空間理論觀點中劃開序幕，探討臺南運河與臺南中國城歷史脈絡，並深入中國城內部空間觀察其消費建築、消費行為與符號象徵，並深入析論第一階段與第二階段不同政治上位者、國際建築師等不同視角觀點與共識，如何透過政策干預及仕紳化的空間想像共構都市想像，其想像的內涵為何？不同上位者如何使用政策介入、文化代理人與委託代表方式操控空間再發展?最終以回應建築商品化之意識在當代都市發展過程中所扮演的角色及其效應。

關鍵字

臺南中國城、都市想像、仕紳化、建築商品化、上位者、菁英建築師

並列摘要

In recent years, many international design firms have participated in the bid on public space projects in Taiwan. In Tainan City, there are 6 ongoing projects inviting international competition. The reform for public spaces mainly comes from government imagination and cultural practices. It is the creative culture product of national intervention mechanism, which emphasizes the importance, and the influence of government intervention in the space of renewal. The rise and fall of Tainan Chinatown reflects the development and transformation of this phenomenon. Its decline is not solely the because of the downfall of economic environment, but also the transitions in more complicated factors such as political economy, social class, daily life and social values. From birth to demolition and reconstruction, it illustrates the current time and economy transformation in Taiwan urban structure. Also, the space commercialization strategy differs greatly from traditional mass production, which is export-oriented and emphasizes on social consciousness, city cultural values and political power relations. Restructuring of economic accumulation makes transformation in urban shapes and structures. In view of the far-reaching influence of Gentrification on the urban shape, this study conducts literature review on Tainan Chinatown’s research space theories, explores the historical context of Tainan Canal and Taiwan Chinatown, and looks into the interior space of Tainan Chinatown to examine its Consuming Architecture, Consuming behavior and Symbolic meanings to recognize the differences between first stage and second stage, such as: different views, consensus among political superiors, international architects from different perspectives. The main research questions will be: how to build the urban imaginary by policy intervention and gentrification? What is the connotation of such imagination? How urban delegations use policy to intervene in delegation to control the special redevelopment? This study will serve as a response to the role played by Commoditization of Architecture in the process of contemporary urban development.