人工光源之照度及色溫對視覺感知影響與照明方式調查研究-以住宅客廳為例

A Study on the Influence of Illuminance & Color Temperature of Artificial Lighting on Visual Perception and Survey of Lighting Models-Using Living Room as an Example

李厚強(Hou-Chiang Lee)

指導教授 ： 莊修田

中原大學/設計學院/室內設計研究所/碩士(2002年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200200371

摘要

照明設計的目的，主要是提供空間適當的照度、色溫與照明方式，以解決使用者的視覺生理與心理上的需求，進而營造出適宜的空間氛圍。但由於照明條件的不同，其所營造出的空間氛圍與使用者所產生的心理感受情形，皆會有所不同。因此，本研究一方面針對102名受測者，以30-75 lux、150-300 lux、300-750 lux等照度與3300°k以下、3300-5000°k、5000°k以上等色溫所組成的9種色光環境，進行實驗室測量，並以「語意差異分析」來探討住宅客廳人工光源之照度、色溫對視覺心理感知構念中，對空間狀態所產生的感覺、對空間所產生的聯想、對空間所產生的情緒反應等感知因素的感受情形之分佈趨勢、差異影響、關聯性等。另一方面，針對153個住宅客廳，進行照明方式的現況調查；並配合居住者對各種色光環境下的滿意評價情形，建構出適合不同屬性居住者的照明模式，以做室內設計師在執行住宅室內照明規劃的參考依據。而研究結果發現：

1. 由於個人的屬性不同，對於客廳9種色光環境的視覺感知因素之感受程度分佈，亦會有所不同。其中性別、教育背景等屬性，對於部分色光環境的視覺感知因素之感受情形的差異性較為明顯；而年齡屬性則對於部份色光環境的視覺感知因素之感受情形，不會產生顯著之差異，故對於影響部分視覺感知因素的感受情形之差異性較不明顯。

2. 由於個人的屬性不同，對於客廳9種色光環境的滿意評價，亦會有所不同。其中性別、教育背景等屬性的不同，會影響其對部份色光環境的滿意程度之感受情形；而年齡屬性的不同，並不會影響其對色光環境的滿意程度之感受情形。

3. 居住者在客廳9種色光環境下，對於部份視覺感知因素間的感受程度，會有顯著的關聯性。

4. 現況住宅客廳最常使用的照明方式為「吸頂式燈具」，且居住者對此照明方式的滿意與不滿意程度的比例相當接近。而居住者最期望的照明方式則為「吸頂式燈具」與「建築式照明」。

5. 從事會客、團聚、休閒娛樂、祭祀等行為活動時，光源照度在150-300 lux之間，搭配色溫在3300-5000°k之間的組合，並配置吸頂式燈具或建築式照明的照明方式，為居住者最滿意的客廳基本照明模式。另外從事閱讀等行為時，光源照度在300-750 lux之間，搭配色溫在3300-5000°k之間的組合，並配置吸頂式燈具或建築式照明的照明方式，為居住者最滿意的客廳基本照明模式。

關鍵字

室內設計 ； 色溫 ； 照度 ； 照明 ； 視覺感知

並列摘要

The purpose of lighting design is to provide appropriate illuminance, color temperature and lighting methods. In this way, it helps solve users’ visual physiological and psychological needs and furthermore create proper spatial atmosphere. Owing to different lighting conditions, the spatial atmosphere and users’ psychological sensations will differ. Consequently, this study focuses on 102 testees who are under laboratory investigation of 9 chromatic lights, including illuminance of 30-75 lux, 150-300 lux, and 300-750 lux, and color temperature below 3300 k°, 3300-5000 k°, and beyond 5000 k°. It also uses “Semantic Differential Method” to study illuminance and color temperature of artificial lighting in living room. Moreover, in the visual psychological sensation’s construction, this study aims to find the distribution trends, variance influence, and correlation of perceptional elements such as spatial feelings, spatial connections, and spatial emotional reactions. On the other hands, this study also focuses on 153 living rooms to investigate their current usage and evaluate the satisfaction of residents under all kinds of chromatic lights. It aims to help building the lighting methods of different attributes of residents and serve as a reference basis for the interior designer in planning the interior lighting. This study result concludes that:

1. Owing to different personal attributes, the distribution levels of visual perception in living room under 9 chromatic lights will differ. Among the attributes, gender and educational background are apparently diverse in visual perception of partial chromatic lights; instead, the age attribute is not an apparent diverse element in such perception.

2. Owing to different personal attributes, the satisfaction of evaluation in living room under 9 chromatic lights will differ. Among them, gender and educational background will affect the level of satisfaction in partial chromatic lights; instead, the age attribute will not affect such satisfaction.

3. The residents in living room under 9 chromatic lights will have apparent correlation in psychological sensation between the levels of elements of partial visual perception.

4. The most currently used lighting method in living room is “Ceiling Luminaire”. The satisfaction and non- satisfaction level percentage among residents is quite close. By the way, the most expected lighting method among the residents is “Ceiling Luminaire” and “Architectural Lighting”.

5. When engaging in visiting-friends, reunion, entertainment, and sacrificing activities, the lighting illuminance between 150-300 lux with color temperature between 3300-5000°k, also applying Ceiling Luminaire and Architectural Lighting, are the most satisfactory basic lighting model of living room for the residents. Besides, when reading, the lighting illuminance between 300-750 lux with color temperature of 3300-5000° k, also applying Ceiling Luminaire and Architectural Lighting, are the most satisfactory basic lighting model of living room for the residents.

並列關鍵字

visual perception ； lighting ； color temperature ； interior design ； illuminance

參考文獻

林品章（1993）設計與視覺環境。台北，台灣：藝術家出版社。

林品章譯，朝倉直己（1990）光構成。台北，台灣：藝術家出版社。

Bartholomew, Robert. （1975）The Luminous Environment and Human Behavior. Journal of Interior Design（JID）, 1（1）, 28-39

Veitch, Jennifer, Donaid, W. Hine, and Robert Gifford (1993) End Users’ Knowledge, Beliefs, and Preferences for Lighting. Journal of Interior Design（JID）, 19（2）, 15-26

中文