飲料產業委外代工之策略性決策模型發展

Development of a Strategic Outsourcing Model for the Beverage Industry

張淑妙(Shu-Miao Chang)

指導教授 ： 宮大川

中原大學/工學院/工業工程研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400314

摘要

論文摘要

企業如何在競爭市場中，獲得比對方更多的利潤，即便要擁有更多的競爭優勢〔44〕，1947年 Von Neumann and Morgenstern 在其提出的賽局理論 (Game Theory) 中認為：市場趨於飽和且高度集中之市場結構，必須透過既有之核心基礎能力，藉由專業之分工，結合他人之資源，策略之聯盟，以求時效性的思考本業經營之策略規劃，以鞏固企業之市場競爭力。

本研究主要在探討台灣飲料產業在面臨委外代工的決策時，如何透過一個系統化的流程，發展一個具參考性的決策模型，並藉由標準化與簡單化的過程，了解企業本身核心能力及趨勢分析，最終以提供決策者或專案人員一個系統化且具參考性的策略性決策模型。

整個決策模型發展的初期，係先透過文獻與報告歸納出三個主要的核心探討構面：核心能力、經濟成本、競爭地位；再藉以成本效益分析的觀點延伸出七個影響因子：核心競爭能力、核心資源能力、規模經濟、邊際效益、交易成本、競爭合作共存關係、單純合作關係，成為模型發展的基礎；後參考問題解決 (Problem Solving) 的流程，擬出六個流程階段：定義有效考量因子、釐清目前處境、確認原因、影響因子切入、方案標準化 、模式建立，分別以產品開發流程的觀點結合PMT (Process Maturity Table；PMT) 歸納出十八個有效考量因子；再以簡單的檢核表方式釐清目前處境並確認原因；參考品質機能展開圖的模式，整合各流程階段為矩陣圖，將有效考量因子與影響因子以簡單的符號判讀關聯性；後將符號判讀結果以狀態表將其標準化後，歸納出代表模型深度的委外代工程度，及代表模型寬度的委外代工模式。

在最終歸納出的決策模型，則參考失效模式與效應分析中的風險順序，將委外代工程度與委外代工模式導出「風險優先程度」，再配合由狀態表所繪製的雷達圖，做決策調整與趨勢分析。本研究在確認系統化流程與模型發展後，將藉由實際個案探討，具體描述決策模型的發展，而個案之專案人員透過本研究的決策模型發展，可大幅減少原先決策過程所需花費的時間及繁瑣複雜的流程。

關鍵詞：飲料產業，委外代工，決策模型。

關鍵字

決策模型。 ； 飲料產業 ； 委外代工

並列摘要

ABSTRACT

How to let enterprises make more benefits in competitive market is that get more superior competence〔44〕, in 1947, Von Neumann and Morgenstern first introduced strategy concept into Game Theory：enterprises in order to keep their own competitive competences in a market trend of full and concentration, they have to focus on their core competences, and to look for outside resources over specialized filed, for considering a strategic plan of operation in time.

The major research is when Taiwan Beverage Industry facing a decision making of co-packing, how to understand enterprise’s core competences and its trend analysis through with a systematic process and develop a decision making model in time, as well as provide a systematic reference model of strategic decision making for decision maker and/or project manager.

In the beginning of the whole model development, the major research generalize three key structures from references and papers, those three key structures are：Core Competence、Economical Cost、Competitive Position；and in terms of the economic view point to extend seven effective factors：Core Competitive Ability、Core Resource Ability、Scale Economic、Boundary Benefit、Transaction Cost、Competition and Corporation Coexistent Relationship、Pure Corporation Relationship, for the foundation of model development. After that to refer the problem solving procedure to draft a six steps process：Define the Valid Factors、Current Situation、Identify Causes、Implement Effects、Standardize Solution、Model Structured，then base on the Product Development Procedure to combine PMT (Process Maturity Table) and generalize eighteen valid factors, clarify current situation and confirm the causes as well. Then, base on the QFD (Quality Function Development) model to integrate each step into a matrix table, and use the simple notation to identify the relation between valid factors and effective factors, then standardize the ranking with a status sheet for draft out the co-packing extent as well as co-packing mode.

In finally of the decision making model, it refers the FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) to carry out the RPN (Risk Priority Number), then review and check in harmonization with spider chart that draw from status sheet for trend analysis and/or modulate strategy. After confirm and fine-tune the systematic process and model development, the major research is over a case study for specific describe the model development process of decision making model, and the project manager of the case study can reduce the processing time of the decision making compare with the original complicate process in previously as well.

Key Words：Beverage Industry, Outsourcing, Strategic Model.

並列關鍵字

Strategic Model ； Beverage Industry ； Outsourcing

參考文獻

〔25〕葉匡時、蔡敦浩，策略聯盟的發展策略─交易成本的觀點，中山管理評論，1993。

〔11〕邱文鎮，「策略聯盟型態、關鍵成功因素與競合關係之研究—資源基礎觀點」，

〔18〕陳忠義，「台灣飲料市埸概況分析」，台灣果蔬汁工業同業公會年刊，1999。

〔31〕Barney, J.B., ”Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage, ”

〔36〕Coase, R.H., ”The Nature of the Firm,” Economic, Vol. 4, pp.386-405,