日治時期臺灣電力設施之研究

A Study of Electrical facilities in Taiwan during the Japanese Governance

王麗夙(Li-Su Wang)

指導教授 ： 黃俊銘

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400671

摘要

1895(光緒21)年「馬關條約」的簽訂，使台灣成為日本殖民地，其後五十年統治期間，歷經建設改革，奠定台灣近代化的基礎，動力來源之電力設施為其中重要一環，雖然清末已開始嘗試使用電燈，卻僅屬小區域範圍，直至日治時期才建立大規模的電力系統，不但促進台灣農業和工業發展，也帶來都市空間和生活型態上的轉變。

現今仍存有部份日治時期的電力設施，其除具有土木建築特殊性的價值外，更是台灣經濟和都市建設上的歷史見證，未來如何保存及妥善利用成為這些「產業遺產」面臨的新課題。目前台灣相關日治時期電力研究，多著重在歷史沿革發展和電氣會社事業等論述，對於電力系統設施建設、建築空間等研究著墨甚少，間接造成現今「單點式」的保存現象，焦點主要集中在發電所，甚至發電所單棟廠房建築，而非整體性電力系統的保存觀念，本研究希望藉此建立未來保存工作的基礎，為這些文化遺產的歷史價值定位，並對日治時期電力發展有更整體性的了解。

本研究共分成三部份探討。第一部份為探究發電設施建設原因與供電區域變化，透過縱向的分期討論，分析台灣電力設施開發，與殖產事業政策、都市民生生活間的關聯性。第二部份為探究電力設施系統構成與在市街空間的建設和影響，透過對電力系統內容和功用的了解，建構出整體電力系統的大致輪廓，包括「點狀」的電力設施，經由「線狀」的電力線路，形成「面狀」的供電區域；接著，再分析市街中電力設施區位關係和輸送線路規劃型態，以及都市風貌和生活型態因電力產生的改變情形。第三部份為探究電力設施配置型態與建築特色，這些設施由於電力原理而和一般公共建築迥然不同，雖然屬於純機能性建築，但綜觀其構造樣式和造型表現，仍可看出受各時期建築潮流影響，透過文獻史料圖面的蒐集分析，以及現存電力設施的田野調查輔助，建立電力系統中重要設施建築方面概念。

關鍵字

變電所 ； 發電所 ； 日治時期 ； 電氣事業 ； 電力設施 ； 產業遺產

並列摘要

Having signed the “Ma-Guan Treaty” in 1895 (Guwang-shu 21), Taiwan became the colony of Japan. During the 50 years of Japanese governance, many constructions and innovations that help to establish the foundation of Taiwan modernization were done. The construction of power resource-electricity facilities, is among the most important achievement. Although people tried to utilize electric lighting in late Ching Dynasty with limited geographic areas, it is not until Japanese governance that large-scaled electric facilities are established. This establishment not only encourages the development of Taiwan agriculture and industrial development, it also brings transformation in the space and life pattern of urban area.
There is still part of the electrical facilities built during the Japanese governance of existence. They are not only of special construction and architecture values, but also the history witnesses of Taiwan’s economics development and urbanization. The maintenance and proper application become the tasks for these “industrial heritage”. Currently, researches done on electricity in the Japanese governance period are mostly focused on the historical changes of electricity companies and industry. Little is done for the electricity facilities constructions and their architecture spaces. This indirectly results in a “singular” preservation with a focus mainly on power houses or even the single factory building of the power house instead of an overall preservation concept toward the entire electricity system. The research is designed to establish a foundation for future preservation works, to position the historic values of these cultural heritage and to have a thorough understanding of the electricity development during the Japanese governance.
There will be three parts in this research. The first part of the research will explore the reason of constructing power house facilities and the change in the power supply areas. Through a vertical discussion by time period, we analyze the association among Taiwan electricity development, breeding and cultivation policies and people’s living in urban areas. The second part of the research will explore the influence electricity facilities have on the construction of city streets and spaces. Through the understanding of the content and function of the electricity system, we construct an overall outline for the entire electricity system. This includes the “point” of single electricity facility and the “area” of the entire power supply area. Then, we discuss the planning pattern of the segmentation of city street lighting facilities and the transportation route. We also discuss the changes of city landscape and lifestyle resulted from the utilization of electricity. In the third part of the research, we explore the allocation pattern of electricity facilities and their architecture characteristics. Different from other public buildings, the electricity facilities are of pure functional nature. However, judging from their structures and style presentations, we can still find traces of influence from architecture trends of various eras. Through literature review and field investigation researches, we try to construct the concept of important buildings in the electricity system.

並列關鍵字

the Japanese Governance ； electrical facilities ； substation ； electrification ； industrial heritage ； power house

參考文獻

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