苗栗出磺坑石油產業設施發展歷程之研究

The Research on the Petroleum Facilities Development of Chu-Huang Keng Mine

劉彥良(yan-liang liu)

指導教授 ： 黃俊銘

中原大學/設計學院/建築學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900344

摘要

早在4千多年前人類已有使用石油的紀錄，而中國自漢代開始就有使用石油的記載，但人類真正大量開採與使用石油，則是起源於美國於1859年開鑿的「德瑞克油井」，此井也被譽為是世界第一口油井，此井至今雖不過140多年的歷史，但隨著科技突破的影響，石油兼具著民生與國防工業的雙重角色，近一世紀以來石油工業代表著現代企業的崛起，石油不僅是商品，更與世界政治、強權密不可分。
位於苗栗縣公館鄉最南端的出磺坑是臺灣最早也是最重要的石油礦開採地。據文獻記載，1861年（咸豐11年）粵籍人邱茍在後龍溪出磺坑附近河床中發現石油，並以人工挖掘一口油井。因此臺灣雖然沒有大量的石油蘊藏量，但在石油的發現與開採上卻有悠久的歷史。出磺坑經歷清朝、日治及二次大戰後的開採與經營，至今仍為營運中的石油產業設施，擁有不同時期所留下，多樣的產業文化資產。
承上述，本研究將以出磺坑為例，針對此重要的產業設施，探討此石油產業與聚落經歷清代、日治與戰後各時期的開發過程。本研究主要內容如下：
1.藉各時期史料的蒐集與分析，了解出磺坑石油產業在經歷清代、日治與戰後各時期的開發與經營過程。
2.解析出磺坑石油產業，在清代的客籍拓墾、日治時期公司化的開採以及戰後中油公司的經營與開發過程中，石油產業設施與出磺坑聚落，交互影響所形成空間與發展。
3.經由田野調查與分析，了解出磺坑石油產業與聚落現今之發展狀況，並對出磺坑之礦業文化景觀與文化遺產的涵構與特色進行分析。希望能作為未來研究臺灣石油產業發展史及其相關後續研究之參考外，亦能作為石油工業遺址保護之基礎資料。

關鍵字

石油 ； 出磺坑 ； 聚落 ； 產業設施

並列摘要

In the early four thousand years ago, humans have already been recorded for using the oil. The historical documents showed that the oil has been used since the Han Dynasty in China, whereas the huge exploitation and use of oil was originated from "Drake Oil Well", which was developed by America in 1859. The oil well was also regarded as the first one in the world. Although the well has been less than one hundred and forty years; with the influence of technological breakthrough, oil played an importance role in both people's livelihood and national defense industry. Since one century ago, the industry of oil has been a symbol for appearance of modern industry. Oil was not merely regarded as merchandise, but also had much closer connection between politics and power in the world.
Located in the southern part of Gongguan Township in Miaoli County, the Chu-Huang Keng was the earliest and the most important oil exploitation area. According to the historical records, in 1861 (Xianfeng 11th year) Kou Chiu who is Guangdong origin discovered oil under the riverbed near the Houlung River, Chu-Huang Keng, and dug an oil well which was made by man-made. As a result, there was no large amount of oil reservation, but there was a long-lasting history of discovery and exploitation. The place, Chu-Huang Keng, has been exploited and run from the Ching Dynasty to Japanese ruled periods, and after the World War II. So far, it still has been run for the facilities of the oil industry, owing a great diversity of cultural assets which were left form different periods.
According to the statements above, and take the Chu-Huang Keng for example, the following are the objectives of this research, based on the procedures of the oil industry and villages, such as facilities of oil, from Ching Dynasty to Japanese ruled period, and after the World War II.
1. To understand the exploitation and procedures of running about Chu-Huang Keng in different periods from Ching Dynasty to Japanese ruled period, and after the World War II, by collecting and analyzing different periods of historical documents.
2. To analyze the mutual effects on space and development between the facilities of the industry and Chu-Huang Keng villages about the oil industry in Chu-Huang Keng, based on the reclamation of Hakka people in Ching Dynasty, exploitation via privatization from Japanese ruled period, and the procedures of management and exploitation after the World War II.
3. By means of filed research and analyses, to understand the present development conditions of Chu-Huang Keng oil industry and villages, and to analyze the landscapes of mining industry and formation of cultural assets about Chu-Huang Keng. It is expected that the report can be regarded as references not only for the research on Taiwan's oil industry development, but also on relevant and continued research, as well as preservation for the foundation of oil industry heritages.

並列關鍵字

Chu-Huang Keng ； Petroleum ； Industrial Facilities

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