董事注意義務之研究—以日本董事注意義務為中心

A Comparative Study on Director’s Duty of Care—Focusing on Director’s Duty of Care in Japan

黃百立(Bai-Li Huang)

指導教授 ： 楊竹生

中原大學/商學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700371

摘要

摘要

日本新公司法於2006年5月1日生效，其將公司法制之相關規定統一於一部法典中，並為了適應公司法制的現代化而作了不少修正，本文即以日本公司法制與董事之注意義務為中心加以探討。

董事對於公司及其股東負有受託義務，董事之受託義務包含忠實義務與注意義務，其中注意義務可分為董事之商業判斷與業務監督兩部分，這兩者在內涵及判斷標準上各有不同，董事為商業判斷時，有商業判斷原則之適用，以鼓勵董事勇於任事。

而因公司如同自然人一般，其行為亦須符合法令，董事負有監督之義務，除了負有監督公司日常營運符合具體法令之義務外，尚有建構內部控制系統之義務，確保董事於經營公司時能適切且正當的符合董事之受託義務，董事怠於監督義務時，大多時候無商業判斷原則之適用，但董事對於內部控制系統之內容則有裁量的權限。

我國以往之公司法制繼受日本公司法制，同時對董事之注意義務亦皆採善良管理人注意義務之判斷標準，然日本未明文於公司法內制訂商業判斷原則，而以判例建立日本商業判斷原則之規則緩和董事注意義務，並於公司法內制訂董事建構內部控制系統之義務與減輕董事責任之規定，以調和董事之責任，此點可供我國參考。

本論文乃就董事之注意義務作一剖析，從注意義務之內涵及其判斷標準、商業判斷原則加以論述，再就注意義務中之決策及監督義務分別討論，並論及董事責任限定制度，希望能對未來公司法修法時提供一些建議，並作為實務運作上之參考。

關鍵字

董事 ； 商業判斷原則 ； 注意義務 ； 監督義務 ； 內部控制系統 ； 忠實義務 ； 受託義務

並列摘要

Abstract

Japan's new Corporate Law which is effective on May 1, 2007 has not only aggregated the relevant laws into one code of laws, it has also been under several amendments due to modernization of the corporate legal system. This piece is thus dedicated in the research focusing on Japan Corporate Law and the directors' duty of care.

A company's directors have fiduciary duties toward their company and shareholders. The fiduciary duties in question include both the duty of loyalty and duty of care, which the duty of care can be identified into two parts namely business judgment and business monitoring. The aforementioned two parts are differentiated by their characteristics and judgment standards. There are business judgment rules for the directors to adopt and support the directors when the directors are making business judgments.

Just as a natural person, a company is obliged to act in accordance with the relevant laws. A company's directors have a duty to monitor not only to supervise and make sure the company's daily business operations are in compliance with the relevant laws, they also have a duty to establish an internal control system to ensure the directors are adequately and justly fulfilling their fiduciary duties when running the company. There are no business judgment rules for when the directors are failing to fulfill their duty to monitor, however the directors have a considered limits of authority towards the contents of the internal control system.

Taiwan's formal company legal system is stemmed from Japan corporate legal system and the directors' duty of care is standardized in accordance with the due care of a prudent manager. Furthermore, as the business judgment rules are not specifically stated by Japan Corporate Law, Japan setting the business judgment rules by precedent rulings to ease directors' duty of care, and specify the directors' duty by Japan Corporate Law to establish an internal control system to diminish directors' responsibilities, are both lightening the directors' responsibilities and valuable as our reference.

This thesis aims to analyze directors' duty of care; discussing topics ranging from duty of care to its principles of judgment, and also include business judgment rule. The thesis furthermore discusses the business judgment and business monitoring of duty of care respectively, and the system to limit director's responsibilities. This thesis hopes to provide some suggestions for Taiwan's Corporate Law amendments in the future and acts as a reference for practice.

並列關鍵字

duty of loyalty ； internal control system ； fiduciary duty ； Director ； duty-to-monitor ； duty of care ； business judgment rule

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