混凝土碰撞實驗設計與分析之研究

本研究主要之目的在於設計一套完整碰撞實驗系統，透過實驗所量測數據包括五大項目，分別為(1)塊體碰撞前速度、(2)兩塊體相對幾何座標、(3)實驗構架幾何位置、(4)碰撞過程加速度、(5)高速攝影機影像分析。除此之外，也必需進行碰撞實驗系統預測試實驗，確保量測數據能達到預期所要求精度與合理性。碰撞實驗系統組成主要分為兩部分，第一部分為單擺碰撞實驗裝置系統，第二部分為釋放裝置系統。單擺碰撞實驗裝置系統，主要是由懸臂支撐鋼架與吊掛鋼索所組成，釋放裝置系統則是由垂直於地面鋼架與快速釋放裝置所組成。本研究所採用量測儀器包含(1)測速計，(2)光學影像量測系統，(3)紅外線測距槍，(4)加速規，(5)高速攝影機等。經由預測試實驗與正式實驗結果可得知，高速攝影機確實能量測到塊體接觸狀態與碰撞速度，塊體碰撞運動軌跡線確實能達到直線碰撞運動，並且塊體碰撞之後塊體邊緣有破裂或損毀現象發生。實驗所量測得到碰撞速度與理論求得的相當接近，證明碰撞實驗系統設計合理性與精確性。在本實驗中訂定了一套吊掛塊體之定位程序，按此程序吊掛塊體可有效控制達面-面對心狀態。此外，本研究也利用實驗結果回歸出一條碰撞衝量回歸公式，可利用此經驗公式計算不同碰撞速度下之碰撞衝量。

關鍵字

單擺碰撞實驗裝置系統；釋放裝置系統；混凝土塊體實驗系統

並列摘要

The purpose of this project is developed an impact of system. According to this system, it can be used to measure five items which are (1) velocity of block before collision, (2) position of block, (3) during the velocity of block, (4) image data for velocities, positions, strains and displacements of block. In addition, the pre-tests are adopted. In order to ensure design of experiment system can work to do excellent results of this system. In this impact of system, the main sub-systems have two parts. First part is a simple pendulum device. This device is consist of the cantilever steel frames and cable. Second part is quick release system. This release system is consist of a quick-release device, a cable and steel frames. The measurement experiments are included five components which are (1) speedometers, (2) laser measurement system, (3) Infrared gun to measuring distance, (4) accelerometer, (5) high speed camera. Comparing analytical solution and experiments are very close. It can prove that measuring five items are reasonable data and an impact of system is already developed.

並列關鍵字

impact test ； impact of system ； pre-tests

參考文獻

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9.Hakuno, M. and K. Meguro, (1992). “Simulation of the Collapse of Concrete Frames and Volcanic Eruption,” Advances in Micromechanics of Granular Materials, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., pp. 321-330.

1.顧祥林，孫飛飛，2000，「混凝土結構的電腦模擬」，同濟大學出版社，上海。