影響新產品研發專案風險之關鍵因素

隨著二十一世紀全球化競爭的影響，政治、科技、經濟、社會不斷的變動與資訊科技的應用，導致企業面臨到很多不確定性、風險的問題，各產業產品生命週期不斷被壓縮，面臨如此快速變動的世界，企業運作方式大多採用專案方式來處理。新產品開發是企業為創造社會需求，彰顯企業價值所採行的重要策略。企業在新產品開發過程中，經常遭遇許多瓶頸與風險，使得開發專案經常發生延遲、失敗的問題。《今周刊》與台灣經濟新報社合作進行的「企業研發比重排名」的調查中，可發現有些企業投入研發經費占營收比重相當高，但在市場上，並未感覺出它應有的競爭力，原因在於中間的研發管理系統出了問題，可能從產品研發過程中存在風險，造成產品開發失敗的危機增加。企業必須要盡可能預防或降低風險所帶來的衝擊，妥善管理專案的風險，才能為企業創造更高價值。本研究透過德爾菲法建構出影響新產品研發專案風險之研究架構，再運用決策實驗室為基礎的網路分析程序法，針對光電製造業之研發部門人員進行問卷調查與分析。研究結果顯示影響新產品研發專案風險的關鍵準則包含「專案完成時間」、「專案進度掌控度」、「關鍵性技術能力掌握程度」、「專案獨特性與複雜度」、「掌控市場現況能力」、「產品功能完整性」。另外，根據IPA 的分析結果也顯示「專案完成時間」、「專案進度掌控度」、「關鍵性技術能力掌握程度」、「專案獨特性與複雜度」、「掌控市場現況能力」、「產品功能完整性」為極需改善的關鍵準則因素，是光電製造業在降低專案風險應特別關注之關鍵準則。因果圖顯示欲有效改善關鍵因素之績效，可以考慮由準則「專案完成時間」或「關鍵性技術能力掌握程度」開始著手，其中專案完成時間屬「因」類指標，關鍵性技術能力掌握程度屬「果」類指標，因此由「專案完成時間」開始著手改善較為合宜，在實務上亦屬合理。

關鍵字

新產品開發；研發型專案風險；德爾菲法；決策實驗室法；網路分析程序法

並列摘要

With the impact of globalization competition in the 21st century, constant changes in politics, technology, economy, society and the application of information technology, causes companies to face many uncertainties and risks, the product life cycle of various industries is constantly being compressed. Faced with such a rapidly changing world, most of the enterprise's operating methods are handled by projects. New product development is an important strategy adopted by enterprises to create social needs and highlight enterprise value. In the process of new product development, companies often encounter many bottlenecks and risks, which often cause delays and failures in development projects. In the survey of "R D Proportion of Enterprises" conducted by " Businesstoday " in cooperation with Taiwan Economic News, It can be found that some companies have invested a relatively high proportion of R D funds in revenue, but in the market, they have not felt that it should be competitive. The reason is that there is a problem with the intermediate R D management system, and there may be risks from the product development process, resulting in an increased risk of product development failure.Enterprises must prevent or reduce the impact of risks as much as possible, and properly manage project risks to create higher value for the enterprise. This research utilizes Delphi Method construct framework the risk influencing new product research and development project and utilizes Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) to analyze answers of questionnaire survey and analysis of the R D department personnel in the optoelectronic manufacturing industry.This research indicates that there are many significant factors which key risk factors Influencing new product research and development projects including “project completion time”, “project progress control”, “key technical ability mastery”, “project uniqueness and complexity”, “ability to control current market conditions”, “ product functional integrity”.In addition ,according to the analysis result of importance-performance analysis (IPA), “project completion time”, “project progress control”, “ key technical ability mastery”, “project uniqueness and complexity”, “ability to control current market conditions”, “ product functional integrity” have to ameliorate immediately at the present stage the key criteria that the optoelectronic manufacturing industry should pay special attention to in reducing project risks. The Cause-and-Effect Diagram shows that if they are keen to improve performance of significant factors, they may consider first improving the "project completion time" or " key technical ability mastery " Among them, the project completion time is a "cause" indicator, and the key technical ability mastery is a "fruit" indicator, therefore, it is more appropriate to start with the "project completion time" and it is reasonable in practice.