國中學生發展性資產與吸菸意向及吸菸行為之相關研究

羅暐翔

指導教授 ： 李景美

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/健康促進與衛生教育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究主要目的在探討台中縣太平市公立國中青少年發展性資產、吸菸意向與吸菸行為的現況，並探討其間的關係。研究對象是民國九十七學年度第一學期就讀於台中縣太平市四所公立國中（其中包括一所完全中學）一、二、三年級普通班的學生。抽樣方法採分層集束抽樣，抽出十五個班級，有效樣本數為452人。研究採橫斷式調查研究，以結構式自填調查問卷為工具，團體自填問卷的方式蒐集研究對象之個人基本變項、發展性資產、吸菸意向、吸菸行為等資料，於民國九十七年十一月下旬蒐集完成。將所收集之資料，以統計套裝SPSS軟體，依研究目的及變項特性進行統計分析。

本研究結果如下：
一、受測學生的發展性資產、外在資產、內在資產、及八類資產，就平均得分情形而言，僅在中等程度。若就分組來看人數分佈的情形，資產有偏低的情況。

二、吸菸意向會因母親職業、父親教育程度、父母婚姻狀況、學業成績不同，有顯著的不同。母親職業低、父親教育程度低、單親、學業成績在後的學生吸菸意向較高。

三、吸菸行為會因性別、年級、母親職業、父親教育程度、父母婚姻狀況、學業成績不同，有顯著的不同。男生、二年級、母親從事非技術性工作、父親教育程度較低、單親家庭、學業成績後面三分之一的學生，吸菸比率較高。

四、吸菸意向會因吸菸行為的不同而有顯著差異，有吸菸行為的學生其吸菸意向顯著高於無吸菸行為的學生。

五、受測學生的發展性資產會因父母職業、父母教育程度、父母婚姻狀況、學業成績不同而有顯著差異。

六、受測學生的外在資產會因父母職業、父母教育程度、父母婚姻狀況、學業成績不同而有顯著差異。
（一）支持資產會因父母教育程度、父母婚姻狀況、學業成績不同而有顯著差異。
（二）賦權資產會因父母職業、父母教育程度、父母婚姻狀況、學業成績不同而有顯著差異。
（三）界線與期望資產會因父母職業、父母教育程度、父母婚姻狀況、學業成績不同而有顯著差異。
（四）建設性的使用時間會因年級、父親職業、父母教育程度、學業成績不同而有顯著差異。

七、受測學生的內在資產會因父母職業、父母教育程度、學業成績不同而有顯著差異。
（一）學習投入資產會因父母職業、父母教育程度、父母婚姻狀況、學業成績不同而有顯著差異。
（二）正向價值資產會因父母教育程度、學業成績不同而有顯著差異。
（三）社會能力資產會因父母教育程度、學業成績不同而有顯著差異。
（四）正向自我辨識資產會因父母職業、父母教育程度、學業成績不同而有顯著差異。

八、內在、外在資產能預測受測學生吸菸意向達12.8％的解釋力，具有低度的解釋力。其中以內在資產達到顯著預測力。

九、八類別資產能共同預測受測學生吸菸意向達17.3％的解釋力，具有中度的解釋力。其中「建設性的使用時間」、「學習投入」、「正向價值」、「正向自我辨識」達顯著預測力。

十、受測學生內外在資產和吸菸行為的有無有顯著低度的關係存在。其中內在資產可以顯著預測吸菸行為的有無。

十一、受測學生八類別資產和吸菸行為的有無有顯著低度的關係存在。其中「學習投入」、「正向價值」、「正向自我辨識」達到顯著預測力。

依據研究結果，建議加強建構青少年的發展性資產，包括從家庭、學校教育過程、社會脈絡等外在環境來培植青少年發展性資產，另外，也要強化青少年內在資產。在菸害防制教育上，建議將青少年發展性資產引入相關教育課程。在學校教育上，建議在生活輔導、健康教育等日常生活教育中，協助青少年依其不同背景，加強建構各類資產。

關鍵字

發展性資產 ； 國中生 ； 青少年 ； 吸菸意向 ； 吸菸行為

並列摘要

The aim of this research was to explore the current situation of developmental assets, smoking intention, and current smoking behaviors among the adolescents in the public junior high schools in Taiping City, Taichung County. Also, this research explored the relation among these variables. The research subjects were the students of the regular classes in the first, second, and third grades from four public junior high schools in Taiping City. Taichung County (including one complete school.) The sampling method was stratified cluster sampling. Effective sample of 452 students in 15 classes were selected. The data was collected through a group self-administered questionnaire to collect the data of background information, developmental assets, and smoking intention, smoking behavior. The data collection was completed in late November 2008 and was analyzed by the statistical software SPSS.

The research findings were as follows:
1. The average scores of developmental assets, external assets, internal assets, and assets of the eight categories among the students were only in the middle level. In terms of the distribution situation based on groups, the scores of the assets among the students were relatively low.
2. Smoking intention was significantly different among the students with different mother’s occupation, father’s educational level, parent marriage situation, and academic performance. The students with lower mother occupational level, lower father educational level, from single parent family, and lower academic performance had higher smoking intention.
3. Smoking behavior was significantly different among the students with different gender, grades, mother’s occupation, father’s educational level, parent marriage situation, and academic performance. The students who were in the second-grade, male, with mother working at non-technical job,with father in lower educational level, from single-parent family, and with lower academic performance had higher rate of smoking.
4. The smoking intention of the students who smoked cigarettes were significantly different from those who didn’t smoke. The students who smoked cigarettes had significant higher smoking intention than those who did not smoke.
5. Developmental asset has significantly different among the students with different parents’ occupation, parents’ educational level, parent marriage situation, and academic performance.
6. External assets were significantly different among the students with different parents’ occupation, parents’ educational level, parent marriage situation, and academic performance.
(1) The support asset was significantly different among the students with different parents’ educational level, parent marriage situation, and academic performance.
(2) The empowerment asset was significantly different among the students with different parents’ occupation, parents’ educational level, parent marriage situation, and academic performance.
(3) The boundariy-and-expectation asset was significantly different among the students with different parents’ occupation, parents’ educational level, parent marriage situation, and academic performance.
(4) The constructive-use of-time asset was significantly different among the students with different grades, father’s occupation, parents’ educational level, and academic performance.
7. Internal asset was significantly different among the students with different parents’ occupation, parents’ educational level, and academic performance.
(1) The commitment-to-learning asset was significantly different among the students with different parents’ occupation, parents’ educational level, parent marriage situation, and academic performance.
(2) The positive-vales asset was significantly different among the students with different parents’ educational level and academic performance.
(3) The social-competence asset was significantly different among the students with different parents’ educational level and academic performance.
(4) The positive-identity asset was significantly different among the students with different parents’ occupation, parents’ educational level, and academic performance.
8. Internal and external assets could significantly predict students’ smoking intention with explained variance being 12.8%. Internal assets could significantly predict smoking intention.
9. Assets of the eight categories could significantly predict students’ smoking intention with explained variance being 17.3%. Constructive use of time, commitment to learning, positive values, and positive identity could significantly predict smoking intention.
10. Internal and external assets could significantly predict students’ smoking behavior. The internal assets could significantly predict smoking behavior.
11. Assets of the eight categories could significantly predict students’ smoking behavior. Commitment to learning, positive values, and positive identity could significantly predict smoking behavior.

Based on the research findings, it is suggested to strengthen the developmental assets of the youngsters through family, school education processes, social linkages and the external environment, with emphasis focusing on the internal assets. In terms of tobacco prevention education, it is suggested that youngsters should be taught developmental assets in related curriculum. In school education, it is suggested that counseling, health education, and life education should assist youngsters with different background to develop various assets.

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