兒童動作表現的費茲定律檢驗及訊息處理能力的年齡效應

The examination of fitts' law and the age effect of information processing capability in children

賴世炯

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(1999年)

摘要

成長與成熟中兒童的動作發展，除了受其知覺與認知能力方面的限制，近年來的文獻亦指出，訊息處理能力及年齡效應對兒童的動作表現亦有關鍵性的影響。本研究旨在透過費茲典範工作中的反覆交互點觸動作，以及從訊息處理的觀點來探討八至十二歲兒童的年齡與訊息處理能力方面的關係。本研究的問題為：八至十二歲兒童的反覆交互點觸動作，是否仍能支持費茲定律所預測的速度與準確度相互消長之情形？若能夠支持，則進一步檢驗八至十二歲兒童在此交互點觸動作的訊息處理能力上是否有年齡差異？42位健康且無外顯疾病的兒童為實驗參加者，分成(1)八歲組；(2)十歲組；和(3)十二歲組等三組。實驗過程中，參加者以慣用手握緊一支筆，對置於桌上的一張紙的兩個目標區做反覆“點”50下的動作，每人各做五種不同實驗配置的試驗。本研究以年齡（八歲、十歲、十二歲）和理論難度指數（1.2位元、2.7位元、4.2位元、5.7位元、7.2位元）為自變項，依變項則是執行動作的平均動作時間、實際難度指數和表現指數。依變項的分數中，以皮爾遜積差相關統計方法考驗平均動作時間與實際難度指數之間的相關係數，之後以3（年齡）× 5（難度指數）二因子混合設計變異數分析，進行表現指數的統計顯著性考驗，並以杜凱氏HSD法進行主要效果的事後比較。結果發現：（一）八至十二歲兒童的反覆交互點觸動作，能夠支持費茲定律所預測之速度與準確度相互消長之情形。（二）八至十二歲兒童在交互點觸動作的訊息處理能力上有年齡差異。

關鍵詞：費茲定律、訊息處理、年齡效應、難度指數、表現指數、交互點觸

並列摘要

The motor development in the growing and maturing children is limited by the perception and cognition ability. However, the importance of the information processing capability and the age difference in children were emphasized by recent reports. From the perspective of information processing, there are two research questions of this study. The first one was to examine if the speed and accuracy trade-off, with the reciprocal tapping task, Fitts reported was supported in children aging from 8 to 12 years old. If the answer was positive, the further research question was to study whether the age effect exists in the information processing capability in these children. Participants, 42 healthy children included, were assigned into 3 groups as the 8-yr-old, 10-yr-old, and 12-yr-old groups, with right hands dominantly. Every participant executed five different sorts of experimental tasks. The independent variables are age and index of difficulty (ID). Pearson product-moment correlation was used to estimate the correlation coefficient of movement time (MT) and ID, the two dependent variables in this study. The statistical significance in index of performance (IP), another dependent variable, was analyzed by 3 (age) × 5 (ID) mixed two-way ANOVA. The findings in this research showed that (1) through the reciprocal tapping task, children aged from 8 to 12 years old trade their accuracy with speed in which supports the phenomenon predicted by Fitts in 1954, and (2) age effect absolutely exists in children’s information processing capability.

Key words: Fitts’ Law age effect
information processing index of difficulty
index of performance reciprocal tapping task

參考文獻

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