默許違法行為之形成：以台灣無照攤販為例

Public Perception of Everyday Illegal Behavior: Illegal Street Vendors in Taiwan

陳淑君(Shu-Chun Chen)

指導教授 ： 周愫嫻

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討社會默許違法行為之成因，並以台灣無照攤販做為研究標的。研究目的有三：（1）從關係、道德、經濟、文化4個面向，分析無照攤販成為社會默許行為的可能成因；（2）從無照攤販出發，探討一般不當行為的社會默許情形；（3）依據研究得出的結果，提供管理攤販或解決攤販問題之方法。研究採問卷調查法對攤販顧客、攤販附近住戶、合法攤販或店家、無照攤販及執法員警五種群體進行訪問，並以「社會距離」做為主概念，提出「關係距離」、「道德距離」、「經濟距離」及「文化距離」4個次概念來分析違法行為之默許機制，並延伸探討一般不當行為的默許情形。研究結果顯示，樣本群中以無照攤販默許度最高，顧客次之，默許度最低者則為執法員警，附近住戶次之，但整體默許程度都是偏高的。分別對默許無照攤販之行動與默許之意念進行逐步多元線性迴歸分析發現，「關係距離」為影響默許無照攤販之行動的主要因素，亦即與無照攤販關係愈密切，前往消費的頻率就愈高；對默許無照攤販意念之影響，各個樣本群則未表現出高度一致性，顯示默許意念的形成較為複雜，但主要因素落在「關係距離」與「道德距離」。此外，研究發現受訪者從事其他不當行為之情形也相當普遍，且其對行為嚴重性的認知並不會影響從事該行為的頻率，同時也發現，人們對行為嚴重性的衡量並非取決於違反法律或是所受懲罰的後果，這代表默許違法行為還有其他的考量因素。最後，依據研究結果本文也提出攤販管理政策與未來研究方向之建議。

關鍵字

社會距離 ； 無照攤販 ； 默許違法行為

並列摘要

This thesis aims to explore, taking illegal street vendors in Taiwan as an example, the reasons that people acquiesce in illegal behavior. The objectives are: (1) analyzing the reasons that people acquiesce in illegal street vendors through the aspects of relationship, morality, economics and culture; (2) extending the study to public perception of other improper acts; and (3) providing some suggestions for improving street-vendor administration.
By questionnaire survey of five sample groups: customers of street vendors, neighborhoods, legal street vendors or shops, illegal street vendors and the police, this study examines the social context of illegal street vendors in terms of 4 factors: relational distance, moral distance, economical distance and cultural distance, which are subconcepts derived from social distance. The data reveal that the acquiescence is higher for illegal street vendors and customers, and is lower for the police and the neighborhoods. The acquiescence to illegal street vendors within whole sample groups, however, is slightly high. Furthermore, by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the results show that “relational distance” is the primary factor in influencing the acquiescing action, and “relational distance” and “moral distance” are the two main factors in influencing the acquiescing notion, although the performance of factors in acquiescent notion may be more complicated.
In addition, the study also finds that acquiescence to other improper acts is prevalent. How serious people think an improper act is does not influence the frequency that they do it. Also, when people measure the seriousness of improper acts, they take many factors into consideration, not simply the consequence of disobeying laws and the penalty.
Finally, this study hopes to provide suggestions on street-vendor administration and further research.

並列關鍵字

acquiesce illegal behavior ； illegal street vendors ； social distance

參考文獻

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